REFERENCES
A. Einstein,
Sitz. Preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Phys.-Math 142 (1917).
E.P. Hubble,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 15, 168 (1929).
S.M. Carroll, W.H. Press, and E.L. Turner, Ann.
Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 30, 499 (1992).
J.E. Felten and R. Isaacman,
Rev. Mod. Phys. 58, 689 (1986).
J.C. Charlton and M.S. Turner,
Astrophys. Journ. 313, 495 (1987).
A. Sandage, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 26, 561 (1988).
J.D. Cohn, Astrophys. Sp. Sci. 259, 213 (1998)
[astro-ph/9807128].
V. Sahni and A. Starobinsky,
``The case for a positive cosmological lambda-term,"
astro-ph/9904398.
M.S. Turner, ``Dark matter and dark energy in the universe,''
astro-ph/9811454.
S. Weinberg, Rev. Mod. Phys. 61, 1 (1989).
E.W. Kolb and M.S. Turner, The Early Universe
(Redwood City, California: Addison-Wesley, 1990).
A. Linde,
Particle Physics and Inflationary
Cosmology (New York: Harwood, 1990).
P.J.E. Peebles, Principles of Physical
Cosmology (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993).
Y.B. Zel'dovich, Sov. Phys. Uspekhi, 11, 381 (1968).
S.A. Bludman and M.A. Ruderman,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 255 (1977).
H. B. Casimir,
Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. Proc. 51, 793 (1948).
S.W. Hawking and G.F.R. Ellis,
The Large-Scale Structure of Space-Time
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973).
M.T. Ressell and M.S. Turner,
Comments Astrophys. 14, 323 (1990).
D.J. Fixsen et al., Astrophys. J. 473, 576 (1996).
D. Scott,
``Cosmic Glows,''
astro-ph/9912038.
A. H. Guth, Phys. Rev. D23, 347 (1981).
A. D. Linde, Phys. Lett. B108, 389 (1982).
A. Albrecht and P. J. Steinhardt,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 1220 (1982).
U. Pen, Astrophys. Journ. Supp. 120, 49 (1999)
[astro-ph/9904172].
D.J. Heath, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 179, 351 (1977).
D. J. Eisenstein,
``An Analytic Expression for the Growth Function in a
Flat Universe with a Cosmological Constant,''
astro-ph/9709054.
P. J. Peebles, Astrophys. J. 284, 439 (1984).
M. S. Turner, G. Steigman and L. M. Krauss,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 2090 (1984).
L. Kofman and A. Starobinsky,
Sov. Astron. lett. 11, 271 (1985).
G. Efstathiou, W. J. Sutherland and S. J. Maddox,
Nature 348, 705 (1990).
Y. Fujii and T. Nishioka,
Phys. Lett. B254, 347 (1991).
L. Kofman, N. Gnedin and N. Bahcall,
Astrophys. J. 413, 1 (1993).
L. M. Krauss and M. S. Turner,
Gen. Rel. Grav. 27, 1137 (1995)
[astro-ph/9504003].
J. P. Ostriker and P. J. Steinhardt,
Nature 377, 600 (1995).
M. S. Turner, ``The case for Lambda-CDM,''
astro-ph/9703161.
D. Branch and G.A. Tammann,
Ann. Rev. Astron. Astophys. 30, 359 (1992).
G.A. Tammann, in Astrophysical Uses of the Space Telescope,
ed. F.D. Machetto, F. Pacini, M. Tarenghi, p. 329
(Geneva: ESO, 1979).
A. Goobar and S. Perlmutter, Astrophys. Journ. 450, 14 (1995).
[astro-ph/9505022].
S.E. Woosley and T.A. Weaver, Astrophys. Journ. 423, 371 (1994).
I. Hachisu, M. Kato and K. Nomoto,
Astrophys. Journ. 522, 487 (1999)
[astro-ph/9902304].
P. Höflich, J.C. Wheeler and F.K. Thielemann,
Astrophys.J. 495, 617 (1998)
[astro-ph/9709233].
M.M. Phillips, Astrophys. J. Lett. 413, L105 (1993).
A.G. Riess, W.H. Press and R.P. Kirshner,
Astrophys. Journ. 473, 88 (1996)
[astro-ph/9604143].
M. Hamuy et al., Astron. Journ. 112, 2438 (1996)
[astro-ph/9609059].
H.U. Norgaard-Nielsen, L. Hansen, H.E. Jorgensen, A. Aragon Salamanca,
and R.S. Ellis, Nature, 339, 523 (1989).
P. M. Garnavich et al. [Hi-Z Supernova Team Collaboration],
Astrophys. J. 493, L53 (1998)
[astro-ph/9710123].
B. P. Schmidt et al. [Hi-Z Supernova Team Collaboration],
Astrophys. Journ. 507, 46 (1998)
[astro-ph/9805200].
A.G. Riess et al. [Hi-Z Supernova Team Collaboration],
Astron. Journ. 116, 1009 (1998)
[astro-ph/9805201].
P.M. Garnavich et al. [Hi-Z Supernova Team Collaboration],
Astrophys. Journ. 509, 74 (1998)
[astro-ph/9806396].
S. Perlmutter et al. [Supernova Cosmology Project Collaboration],
Astrophys. Journ. 483, 565 (1997)
[astro-ph/9608192].
S. Perlmutter et al. [Supernova Cosmology Project Collaboration],
Nature 391, 51 (1998)
[astro-ph/9712212].
S. Perlmutter et al. [Supernova Cosmology
Project Collaboration],
Astrophys. Journ. 517, 565
(1999) [astro-ph/9812133].
P. S. Drell, T. J. Loredo and I. Wasserman,
Astrophys. Journ. 530, 593 (2000)
[astro-ph/9905027].
A. G. Riess, A. V. Filippenko, W. Li and B. P. Schmidt,
Astron. Journ. 118, 2668 (1999)
[astro-ph/9907038].
A. N. Aguirre,
Astrophys. Journ. 512, L19 (1999)
[astro-ph/9811316].
A. N. Aguirre,
Astrophys. Journ. 525, 583 (1999)
[astro-ph/9904319].
A. N. Aguirre and Z. Haiman,
``Cosmological Constant or Intergalactic Dust?
Constraints from the Cosmic Far Infrared Background,''
astro-ph/9907039.
J.T. Simonsen and S. Hannestad,
Astron. Astrophys. 351, 1 (1999);
astro-ph/9909225.
T. Totani and C. Kobayashi,
Astrophys. Journ. 526, L65 (1999)
[astro-ph/9910038].
D. E. Holz and R. M. Wald,
Phys. Rev. D58, 063501 (1998)
[astro-ph/9708036].
R. Kantowski,
Astrophys. Journ. 507, 483 (1998)
[astro-ph/9802208].
http://snap.lbl.gov/.
G.F. Smoot et al.,
Astrophys. Journ. 396, L1 (1992).
W. Hu, N. Sugiyama and J. Silk,
Nature 386, 37 (1997)
[astro-ph/9604166].
M. Kamionkowski, D. N. Spergel and N. Sugiyama,
Astrophys. Journ. 426, L57 (1994)
[astro-ph/9401003].
G. Jungman, M. Kamionkowski, A. Kosowsky and D. N. Spergel,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1007 (1996)
[astro-ph/9507080].
W. Hu and M. White,
``Measuring the curvature of the universe," (1997)
[astro-ph/9606140].
J. R. Bond, R. Crittenden, R. L. Davis, G. Efstathiou and P. J. Steinhardt,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 13 (1994)
[astro-ph/9309041].
W. Hu, D. Scott, N. Sugiyama and M. White,
Phys. Rev. D52, 5498 (1995)
[astro-ph/9505043].
G. Jungman, M. Kamionkowski, A. Kosowsky and D. N. Spergel,
Phys. Rev. D54, 1332 (1996)
[astro-ph/9512139].
M. Zaldarriaga, D. N. Spergel and U. Seljak,
Astrophys. J. 488, 1 (1997)
[astro-ph/9702157].
J.R. Bond, A.H. Jaffe and L. Knox,
Phys. Rev. D57, 2117 (1998)
[astro-ph/9708203].
A. D. Miller et al.,
``A Measurement of the Angular Power Spectrum of the
CMB from l = 100 to 400,''
astro-ph/9906421.
A. Melchiorri et al.,
``A measurement of Omega from the North American test flight of BOOMERANG,''
astro-ph/9911445.
J. G. Bartlett, A. Blanchard, M. Le Dour, M. Douspis and D. Barbosa,
``Constraints on Cosmological Parameters from Existing CMB Data,''
astro-ph/9804158.
C. H. Lineweaver,
``The Cosmic Microwave Background and Observational
Convergence in the
M -
Plane,''
astro-ph/9805326.
B. Ratra, R. Stompor, K. Ganga, G. Rocha, N. Sugiyama and K. M. Gorski,
Astrophys. J. 517, 549 (1999)
[astro-ph/9901014].
S. Dodelson and L. Knox,
``Dark Energy and the CMB,''
astro-ph/9909454.
M. White,
Astrophys. J. 506, 495 (1998)
[astro-ph/9802295].
M. Tegmark, D. J. Eisenstein and W. Hu,
``Cosmic complementarity: combining CMB and supernova observations,''
astro-ph/9804168.
W. Hu, D. J. Eisenstein, M. Tegmark and M. White,
Phys. Rev. D59, 023512 (1999)
[astro-ph/9806362].
M. Tegmark,
Astrophys. J. 514, L69 (1999)
[astro-ph/9809201].
G. Efstathiou, S. L. Bridle, A. N. Lasenby, M. P. Hobson and R. S. Ellis,
Mon. Not. Roy. Ast. Soc. 303, L47 (1999)
[astro-ph/9812226].
S. L. Bridle et al.,
Mon. Not. Roy. Ast. Soc. 310, 565 (1999)
[astro-ph/9903472].
N. Bahcall, J. P. Ostriker, S. Perlmutter and P. J. Steinhardt,
Science 284, 1481 (1999)
[astro-ph/9906463].
J.R. Mould et al.,
Astrophys. Journ. 529, 698 (2000)
[astro-ph/9909269].
W.L. Freedman, ``Determination of Cosmological Parameters'',
astro-ph/9905222.
D.N. Schramm and M.S. Turner, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 303 (1998)
[astro-ph/9706069].
S. Burles et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4176 (1999)
[astro-ph/9901157].
A. Dekel, D. Burstein and S. D. White,
``Measuring Omega,''
astro-ph/9611108.
N. A. Bahcall and X. Fan,
Publ. Nat. Acad. Sci. 95, 5956 (1998)
[astro-ph/9804082].
M.S. Turner,
``Dark matter and energy in the universe,"
astro-ph/9901109.
J.R. Primack,
``Status of cosmology,''
astro-ph/9912089.
R.G. Carlberg et al.,
Astrophys. Journ. 462, 32 (1996).
N. A. Bahcall, L. M. Lubin and V. Dorman,
Astrophys. Journ. 447, L81 (1995)
[astro-ph/9506041].
I. Smail, R.S. Ellis, M.J. Fitchett and A.C. Edge,
Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 273, 277 (1995)
[astro-ph/9402049].
A.D. Lewis, E. Ellingson, S.L. Morris, and R.G. Carlberg,
``X-ray Mass Estimates at z ~ 0.3 for the CNOC Cluster Sample,''
[astro-ph/9901062].
S.D.M. White, J.F. Navarro, A.E. Evrard and C.S. Frenk,
Nature 366, 429 (1993).
M. Fukugita, C.J. Hogan and P.J. Peebles,
Astrophys. Journ. 503, 518 (1998)
[astro-ph/9712020].
J. Mohr, B. Mathiesen and G. Evrard,
Astrophys. Journ. 517, 627 (1999)
[astro-ph/9901281].
J. E. Carlstrom et al.,
``Imaging the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect,''
astro-ph/9905255.
N. A. Bahcall and X. Fan,
Astrophys. Journ. 504, 1 (1998)
[astro-ph/9803277].
N. A. Bahcall, X. Fan, and R. Cen,
Astrophys. Journ. 485, L53 (1997)
[astro-ph/9706018].
R.G. Carlberg, S.L. Morris, H.K.C. Lee, and E. Ellingson,
Astrophys. Journ. 479, L19 (1997).
A. Dekel, ``Cosmological Implications of Large-Scale Flows,''
astro-ph/9705033.
J.A. Peacock and S.J. Dodds,
Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 267, 1020 (1994)
[astro-ph/9311057].
D.J. Eisenstein and W. Hu,
Astrophys. Journ. 511, 5 (1999)
[astro-ph/9710252].
A.R. Liddle and D.H. Lyth,
Phys. Rept. 231, 1 (1993)
[astro-ph/9303019].
A. R. Liddle, D. H. Lyth, P. T. Viana and M. White,
Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 282, 281 (1996)
[astro-ph/9512102].
S. Dodelson, E.I. Gates and M.S. Turner,
Science 274, 69 (1996)
[astro-ph/9603081].
J.R. Primack, ``Dark matter and structure formation,''
astro-ph/9707285.
J.R. Gott, M.G. Park and H.M. Lee,
Astrophys. Journ. 338, 1 (1989).
M. Fukugita, T. Futamase and M. Kasai,
Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 246, 24 (1990).
E. Turner,
Astrophys. Journ. 365, L43 (1990).
C. S. Kochanek,
Astrophys. J. 466, 638 (1996)
[astro-ph/9510077].
E. E. Falco, C. S. Kochanek, J. M. Munoz
Astrophys. J. 494, 47 (1998)
[astro-ph/9707032].
M. Chiba and Y. Yoshii,
Astrophys. J. 510, 42 (1999)
[astro-ph/9808321].
Y. N. Cheng and L. M. Krauss,
``Gravitational lensing statistics and constraints on the
cosmological constant revisited,''
astro-ph/9810393.
X. Wu and S. Mao,
Astrophys. J. 463, 404 (1996)
[astro-ph/9512014].
L. Hui,
Astrophys. J. 519, L9 (1999)
[astro-ph/9902275].
A. R. Cooray, J. M. Quashnock and M. C. Miller,
Astrophys. J. 511, 562 (1999)
[astro-ph/9806080].
J.A. Newman and M. Davis,
``Measuring the cosmic equation of state with counts of galaxies,''
astro-ph/9912366.
C. Alcock and B. Paczynski,
Nature 281, 358 (1979).
S. Phillips,
Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 269, 1077 (1994).
P.A. Popowski, D.H. Weinberg, B.S. Ryden, and P.S. Osmer,
Astrophys. Journ. 498, 11 (1998)
[astro-ph/9707175].
L. Hui, A. Stebbins, and S. Burles,
Astrophys. Journ. 511, L5 (1999)
[astro-ph/9807190].
O. Lahav, P. B. Lilje, J. R. Primack and M. J. Rees,
Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 251, 128 (1991).
W. E. Ballinger, J. A. Peacock and A. F. Heavens,
Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 282, 877 (1996)
[astro-ph/9605017].
E.J. Guerra, R.A. Daly and L. Wan,
``Updated Estimates of Global Cosmological Parameters Determined
Using Classical Double Radio Galaxies,''
astro-ph/9807249.
Y. Wang and E. L. Turner,
Phys. Rev. D56, 724 (1997)
[astro-ph/9603034].
H. P. Nilles,
Phys. Rept. 110, 1 (1984).
J. D. Lykken,
``Introduction to supersymmetry,''
hep-th/9612114.
S. P. Martin, ``A supersymmetry primer,''
hep-ph/9709356.
B. Zumino, Nucl. Phys. B89, 535 (1975).
E. Cremmer, S. Ferrara, C. Kounnas and D. V. Nanopoulos,
Phys. Lett. B133, 61 (1983).
M. Dine and N. Seiberg,
Phys. Lett. 162B, 299 (1985).
M. B. Green, J. H. Schwarz and E. Witten,
Superstring Theory, two volumes.
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987).
J. Polchinski, String Theory, two volumes
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
J. D. Lykken,
``New and improved superstring phenomenology,''
astro-ph/9903026.
T. Banks,
``M theory and cosmology,''
hep-th/9911067.
G. Moore,
Nucl. Phys. B293, 139 (1987).
K. R. Dienes,
Phys. Rev. D42, 2004 (1990).
K. R. Dienes,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1979 (1990).
M. Dine, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 134, 1 (1999)
[hep-th/9903212].
E. Witten,
Int. J. Mod. Phys. A10, 1247 (1995)
[hep-th/9409111].
E. Witten,
Nucl. Phys. B443, 85 (1995)
[hep-th/9503124].
E. Witten,
Mod. Phys. Lett. A10, 2153 (1995)
[hep-th/9506101].
G. 't Hooft,
``Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity,''
gr-qc/9310026.
L. Susskind,
J. Math. Phys. 36, 6377 (1995)
[hep-th/9409089].
T. Banks,
``SUSY Breaking, Cosmology, Vacuum Selection and the
Cosmological Constant in String Theory,''
hep-th/9601151.
A. G. Cohen, D. B. Kaplan and A. E. Nelson,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4971 (1999)
[hep-th/9803132].
E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde,
``RG-flow, gravity and the cosmological constant,''
hep-th/9912018.
C. Schmidhuber,
``AdS5 and the 4d cosmological constant,''
hep-th/9912156.
S. Kachru, J. Kumar and E. Silverstein,
Phys. Rev. D59, 106004 (1999)
[hep-th/9807076].
R. Iengo and C. Zhu,
``Evidence for nonvanishing cosmological constant in
non-SUSY superstring models,''
hep-th/9912074.
J.A. Harvey,
Phys. Rev. D59, 026002 (1999);
[hep-th/9807213].
V.A. Rubakov and M.E. Shaposhnikov,
Phys. Lett. 125B, 136 (1983).
I. Antoniadis,
Phys. Lett. B246, 377 (1990).
P. Horava and E. Witten,
Nucl. Phys. B475, 94 (1996)
[hep-th/9603142].
N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and G. Dvali,
Phys. Lett. B429, 263 (1998)
[hep-ph/9803315].
Z. Kakushadze and S. H. Tye,
Nucl. Phys. B548, 180 (1999)
[hep-th/9809147].
M. Visser,
Phys. Lett. B159, 22 (1985),
[hep-th/9910093].
L. Randall and R. Sundrum, ``An alternative to compactification,''
hep-th/9906064.
M. Gogberashvili,
``Gravitational trapping for extended extra dimension,''
hep-ph/9908347.
P. Binetruy, C. Deffayet and D. Langlois,
``Non-conventional cosmology from a brane-universe,''
hep-th/9905012.
P. Kanti, I. I. Kogan, K. A. Olive and M. Pospelov,
Phys. Lett. B468, 31 (1999)
[hep-ph/9909481].
P. J. Steinhardt,
Phys. Lett. B462, 41 (1999)
[hep-th/9907080].
C. P. Burgess, R. C. Myers and F. Quevedo,
``A naturally small cosmological constant on the brane?,''
hep-th/9911164.
R. Gambini and J. Pullin,
Phys. Lett. B437, 279 (1998)
[gr-qc/9803097].
R. Sundrum,
JHEP 9907, 001 (1999)
[hep-ph/9708329].
J.D. Barrow and F.J. Tipler,
The Anthropic Cosmological Principle
(Oxford: Clarendon, 1986).
C. J. Hogan,
``Why the universe is just so,''
astro-ph/9909295.
A. Linde,
``Quantum cosmology and the structure of inflationary universe,"
gr-qc/9508019.
A. Vilenkin,
Phys. Rev. D52, 3365 (1995)
[gr-qc/9505031].
A. Linde, D. Linde and A. Mezhlumian,
Phys. Rev. D49, 1783 (1994)
[gr-qc/9306035].
S. W. Hawking and N. Turok,
Phys. Lett. B425, 25 (1998)
[hep-th/9802030].
A. Linde,
Phys. Rev. D58, 083514 (1998)
[gr-qc/9802038].
N. Turok and S. W. Hawking,
Phys. Lett. B432, 271 (1998)
[hep-th/9803156].
A. Vilenkin,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5501 (1998)
[hep-th/9806185].
S. Weinberg,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2607 (1987).
M. Tegmark and M. J. Rees,
Astrophys. J. 499, 526 (1998)
[astro-ph/9709058].
J. Garriga, M. Livio and A. Vilenkin,
Phys. Rev. D61, 023503 (2000)
[astro-ph/9906210].
A. Vilenkin,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 846 (1995)
[gr-gc/9406010].
G. Efstathiou,
Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
274, L73 (1995).
H. Martel, P. R. Shapiro and S. Weinberg,
Astrophys. J. 492, 29 (1998)
[astro-ph/9701099].
J. Garriga and A. Vilenkin,
astro-ph/9908115.
T. Banks, M. Dine and N. Seiberg,
Phys. Lett. B273, 105 (1991)
[hep-th/9109040].
S. Coleman,
Nucl. Phys. B310, 643 (1988).
A. D. Dolgov,
JETP Lett. 41, 345 (1985).
A. A. Starobinsky,
JETP Lett. 68, 757 (1998)
[astro-ph/9810431].
S. Weinberg,
``Theories of the cosmological constant,''
astro-ph/9610044.
E. I. Guendelman and A. B. Kaganovich,
Phys. Rev. D55, 5970 (1997)
[gr-qc/9611046].
F. Wilczek,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4851 (1998)
[hep-th/9801184].
Y. J. Ng and H. van Dam,
``A small but nonzero cosmological constant,''
hep-th/9911102.
E. T. Tomboulis,
Nucl. Phys. B329, 410 (1990).
I. Antoniadis and E. Mottola,
Phys. Rev. D45, 2013 (1992).
I. Antoniadis, P. O. Mazur and E. Mottola,
Phys. Lett. B444, 284 (1998)
[hep-th/9808070].
N. C. Tsamis and R. P. Woodard,
Phys. Lett. B301, 351 (1993).
N. C. Tsamis and R. P. Woodard,
Nucl. Phys. B474, 235 (1996)
[hep-ph/9602315].
L. R. Abramo, R. H. Brandenberger and V. F. Mukhanov,
Phys. Rev. D56, 3248 (1997)
[gr-qc/9704037].
M. Ozer and M. O. Taha,
Mod. Phys. Lett. A13, 571 (1998)
[gr-qc/9802023].
W. Unruh,
``Cosmological long wavelength perturbations,''
astro-ph/9802323.
M. S. Turner and F. Wilczek,
Nature 298, 633 (1982).
W. D. Garretson and E. D. Carlson,
Phys. Lett. B315, 232 (1993)
[hep-ph/9307346].
A. Kusenko and P. Langacker,
Phys. Lett. B391, 29 (1997)
[hep-ph/9608340].
M. Ozer and M. O. Taha,
Nucl. Phys. B287, 776 (1987).
K. Freese, F. C. Adams, J. A. Frieman and E. Mottola,
Nucl. Phys. B287, 797 (1987).
J. M. Overduin and F. I. Cooperstock,
Phys. Rev. D58, 043506 (1998)
[astro-ph/9805260].
R. R. Caldwell,
astro-ph/9908168.
B. Ratra and A. Quillen,
Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 259, 738 (1992).
K. Coble, S. Dodelson and J. A. Frieman,
Phys. Rev. D55, 1851 (1997)
[astro-ph/9608122].
M. S. Turner and M. White,
Phys. Rev. D56, 4439 (1997)
[astro-ph/9701138].
J. A. Frieman and I. Waga,
Phys. Rev. D57, 4642 (1998)
[astro-ph/9709063].
T. Chiba, N. Sugiyama and T. Nakamura,
Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 301, 72 (1998)
[astro-ph/9806332].
I. Waga and A. P. Miceli,
Phys. Rev. D59, 103507 (1999)
[astro-ph/9811460].
S. Perlmutter, M. S. Turner and M. White,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 670 (1999)
[astro-ph/9901052].
L. Wang, R. R. Caldwell, J. P. Ostriker and P. J. Steinhardt,
Astrophys. Journ. 530, 17 (2000)
[astro-ph/9901388].
G. Efstathiou,
Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 310, 842 (1999)
[astro-ph/9904356].
S. Podariu and B. Ratra,
``Supernovae Ia constraints on a time-variable cosmological
`constant',''
astro-ph/9910527.
D. Huterer and M. S. Turner,
Phys. Rev. D60, 081301 (1999)
[astro-ph/9808133].
A. R. Cooray and D. Huterer,
``Gravitational Lensing as a Probe of Quintessence,''
astro-ph/9901097.
T. D. Saini, S. Raychaudhury, V. Sahni and A. A. Starobinsky,
astro-ph/9910231.
A. D. Dolgov,
In *Cambridge 1982, Proceedings, The Very Early Universe*, 449-458.
N. Weiss,
Phys. Lett. B197, 42 (1987).
P. J. Peebles and B. Ratra,
Astrophys. J. 325, L17 (1988).
B. Ratra and P. J. Peebles,
Phys. Rev. D37, 3406 (1988).
C. Wetterich,
Nucl. Phys. B302, 668 (1988).
C. T. Hill, D. N. Schramm and J. N. Fry,
Comments Nucl. Part. Phys. 19, 25 (1989).
Y. Fujii and T. Nishioka,
Phys. Rev. D42, 361 (1990).
J. A. Frieman, C. T. Hill and R. Watkins,
Phys. Rev. D46, 1226 (1992).
J. A. Frieman, C. T. Hill, A. Stebbins and I. Waga,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2077 (1995)
[astro-ph/9505060].
P. G. Ferreira and M. Joyce,
Phys. Rev. D58, 023503 (1998)
[astro-ph/9711102].
R. R. Caldwell, R. Dave and P. J. Steinhardt,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1582 (1998)
[astro-ph/9708069].
G. Huey, L. Wang, R. Dave, R. R. Caldwell and P. J. Steinhardt,
Phys. Rev. D59, 063005 (1999)
[astro-ph/9804285].
E. J. Copeland, A. R. Liddle and D. Wands,
Phys. Rev. D57, 4686 (1998)
[gr-qc/9711068].
I. Zlatev, L. Wang and P. J. Steinhardt,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 896 (1999)
[astro-ph/9807002].
A. R. Liddle and R. J. Scherrer,
Phys. Rev. D59, 023509 (1999)
[astro-ph/9809272].
P.J. Steinhardt, L. Wang and I. Zlatev,
Phys. Rev. D59, 123504 (1999);
[astro-ph/9812313].
I. Zlatev and P. J. Steinhardt,
Phys. Lett. B459, 570 (1999)
[astro-ph/9906481].
V. Sahni and L. Wang,
astro-ph/9910097.
S.M. Carroll,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3067 (1998)
[astro-ph/9806099].
T. Chiba,
Phys. Rev. D60, 083508 (1999)
[gr-qc/9903094].
R. Horvat,
Mod. Phys. Lett. A14, 2245 (1999)
[hep-ph/9904451].
J. E. Kim,
JHEP 9905, 022 (1999)
[hep-ph/9811509].
K. Choi,
``String or M theory axion as a quintessence,''
hep-ph/9902292.
J. E. Kim,
``Model-dependent axion as quintessence with almost massless hidden
sector quarks,''
hep-ph/9907528.
Y. Nomura, T. Watari and T. Yanagida,
``Mass generation for an ultralight axion,''
hep-ph/9911324.
A. Lue, L. Wang and M. Kamionkowski,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1506 (1999)
[astro-ph/9812088].
C. Kolda and D.H. Lyth,
``Quintessential difficulties,"
hep-ph/9811375.
P. Binetruy,
Phys. Rev. D60, 063502 (1999)
[hep-ph/9810553].
A. Masiero, M. Pietroni and F. Rosati,
Phys. Rev. D61, 023504 (2000)
[hep-ph/9905346].
P. Brax and J. Martin,
Phys. Lett. B468, 40 (1999)
[astro-ph/9905040].
A. Albrecht and C. Skordis,
``Phenomenology of a realistic accelerating universe using only
Planck-scale physics,''
astro-ph/9908085.
M. C. Bento and O. Bertolami,
Gen. Rel. Grav. 31, 1461 (1999)
[gr-qc/9905075].
T. Barreiro, E. J. Copeland and N. J. Nunes,
``Quintessence arising from exponential potentials,''
astro-ph/9910214.
K. Benakli,
Phys. Rev. D60, 104002 (1999)
[hep-ph/9809582].
T. Banks, M. Dine and A. Nelson,
JHEP 9906, 014 (1999)
[hep-th/9903019].
V. Sahni and S. Habib,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1766 (1998)
[hep-ph/9808204].
J. Uzan,
Phys. Rev. D59, 123510 (1999)
[gr-qc/9903004].
L. Amendola,
Phys. Rev. D60, 043501 (1999)
[astro-ph/9904120].
L. Parker and A. Raval,
Phys. Rev. D60, 063512 (1999)
[gr-qc/9905031].
F. Perrotta and C. Baccigalupi,
Phys. Rev. D59, 123508 (1999)
[astro-ph/9811156].
F. Perrotta, C. Baccigalupi and S. Matarrese,
Phys. Rev. D61, 023507 (2000)
[astro-ph/9906066].
R. de Ritis, A. A. Marino, C. Rubano and P. Scudellaro,
``Tracker fields from nonminimally coupled theory,''
hep-th/9907198.
L. Parker and A. Raval,
Phys. Rev. D60, 123502 (1999)
[gr-qc/9908013].
O. Bertolami and P. J. Martins,
``Non-minimal coupling and quintessence,''
gr-qc/9910056.
R. A. Frewin and J. E. Lidsey,
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D2, 323 (1993)
[astro-ph/9312035].
P. J. Peebles and A. Vilenkin,
Phys. Rev. D59, 063505 (1999)
[astro-ph/9810509].
M. Peloso and F. Rosati,
``On the construction of quintessential inflation models,''
hep-ph/9908271.
M. Giovannini,
Class. Quant. Grav. 16, 2905 (1999)
[hep-ph/9903263].
G. Felder, L. Kofman and A. Linde,
Phys. Rev. D60, 103505 (1999)
[hep-ph/9903350].
A. Vilenkin,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1016 (1984).
D. Spergel and U. Pen,
Astrophys. J. 491, L67 (1997)
[astro-ph/9611198].
M. Bucher and D. N. Spergel,
Phys. Rev. D60, 043505 (1999)
[astro-ph/9812022].
R. A. Battye, M. Bucher and D. Spergel,
``Domain wall dominated universes,''
astro-ph/9908047.
J. Garcia-Bellido, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D2, 85 (1993)
[hep-ph/9205216].
G.W. Anderson and S.M. Carroll,
``Dark matter with time-dependent mass'',
astro-ph/9711288.
W. Hu, Astrophys. Journ. 506, 485 (1998)
[astro-ph/9801234].