Published in PASP, Vol. 111, p. 129, 1999. astro-ph/9810371

For a postscript version of the article, click here.

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION
• TORUS CONSTRUCTION
• Iterative Approaches
• Perturbative Methods
• Nonperturbative Methods
• Trajectory-Following Approaches
• MODELLING AXISYMMETRIC GALAXIES
• Two-Integral Models
• Models Based on Special Potentials
• General Axisymmetric Models
• The Axisymmetric Inverse Problem
• TRIAXIALITY
• The Structure of Phase Space
• Periodic Orbits
• Nonrotating Potentials
• Rotating Models
• Stochasticity
• Origin
• Transition to Global Stochasticity
• Self-Consistent Models
• COLLISIONLESS RELAXATION
• Jeans's Theorem
• Approach to a Steady State
• Ergodicity and Mixing
• Mixing in Fixed Potentials
• Mixing in Time-Dependent Potentials
• Entropy
• Mixing-Induced Evolution
• COLLECTIVE INSTABILITIES
• Hénon's instability
• The radial-orbit instability
• Bending instabilities
• Instabilities in radially-cold models
• The "tumbling bar instability"
• Instabilities of triaxial models
• REFERENCEs