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Table of Contents

TITLE PAGE

1.INTRODUCTION

2.TORUS CONSTRUCTION

2.1.Iterative Approaches

2.1.1.Perturbative Methods

2.1.2.Nonperturbative Methods

2.2.Trajectory-Following Approaches

3.MODELLING AXISYMMETRIC GALAXIES

3.1.Two-Integral Models

3.2.Models Based on Special Potentials

3.3.General Axisymmetric Models

3.4.The Axisymmetric Inverse Problem

4.TRIAXIALITY

4.1.The Structure of Phase Space

4.2.Periodic Orbits

4.2.1.Nonrotating Potentials

4.2.2.Rotating Models

4.3.Stochasticity

4.3.1.Origin

4.3.2.Transition to Global Stochasticity

4.4.Self-Consistent Models

5.COLLISIONLESS RELAXATION

5.1.Jeans's Theorem

5.2.Approach to a Steady State

5.2.1.Ergodicity and Mixing

5.2.2.Mixing in Fixed Potentials

5.2.3.Mixing in Time-Dependent Potentials

5.2.4.Entropy

5.3.Mixing-Induced Evolution

6.COLLECTIVE INSTABILITIES

6.1.Hénon's instability

6.2.The radial-orbit instability

6.3.Bending instabilities

6.4.Instabilities in radially-cold models

6.5.The "tumbling bar instability"

6.6.Instabilities of triaxial models

REFERENCES