REFERENCES
Abazajian, K., G. M. Fuller, and M. Patel,
2001, Phys. Rev. D 64, 023501.
Abbott, L. F., and M. B. Wise,
1984, Nucl. Phys. B 244, 541.
Abell, G. O.,
1958, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 3, 211.
Akhmedov, E. Kh., 2002, preprint
hep-th/0204048.
Albrecht, A., and P. J. Steinhardt,
1982, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 1220.
Alcock, C., and B. Paczynski,
1979, Nature 281, 358.
Allen, S. W., R. W. Schmidt, and A. C. Fabian, 2002,
Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. (in press), preprint
astro-ph/0205007.
Alpher, R. A., and R. Herman,
2001, Genesis of the Big Bang
(Oxford University, Oxford).
Amendola, L.,
1999, Phys. Rev. D 60, 043501.
Amendola, L.,
2000, Phys. Rev. D 62, 043511.
Amendola, L., and D. Tocchini-Valentini, 2001, preprint
astro-ph/0111535.
Aragón-Salamanca, A., C. M. Baugh, and G. Kauffmann,
1998, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 297, 427.
Arai, K., M. Hashimoto, and T. Fukui,
1987, Astron. Astrophys. 179, 17.
Aramendariz-Picon, C., V. Mukhanov, and P. J. Steinhardt,
2001, Phys. Rev. D 63, 103510.
Baccigalupi, C., A. Balbi, S. Matarrese, F. Perrotta, and N. Vittorio,
2002, Phys. Rev. D 65, 063520.
Baccigalupi, C., S. Matarrese, and F. Perrotta,
2000, Phys. Rev. D 62, 123510.
Bacon, D. J., R. J. Massey, A. R. Refregier, and R. S. Ellis, 2002, preprint
astro-ph/0203134.
Bahcall, J. N., and R. A. Wolf,
1968, Astrophys. J. 152, 701.
Bahcall, N. A., R. Cen, R. Davé, J. P. Ostriker, and Q. Yu,
2000, Astrophys. J. 541, 1.
Bahcall, N. A., et al., 2002, preprint
astro-ph/0205490.
Bahcall, N. A., and X. Fan,
1998, Astrophys. J. 504, 1.
Bahcall, N. A., J. P. Ostriker, S. Perlmutter, and P. J. Steinhardt,
1999, Science 284, 1481.
Banks, T., and W. Fischler, 2001, preprint
hep-th/0102077.
Bardeen, J. M., P. J. Steinhardt, and M. S. Turner,
1983, Phys. Rev. D 28, 679.
Barr, S. M., and D. Hochberg,
1988, Phys. Lett. B 211, 49.
Barr, S. M., and D. Seckel,
2001, Phys. Rev. D 64, 123513.
Barreiro, T., E. J. Copeland, and N. J. Nunes,
2000, Phys. Rev. D 61, 127301.
Bartlett, J. G., and J. Silk,
1990, Astrophys. J. 353, 399.
Bartolo, N., and M. Pietroni,
2000, Phys. Rev. D 61, 023518.
Battye, R. A., M. Bucher, and D. Spergel, 1999, preprint
astro-ph/9908047.
Bean, R., and A. Melchiorri,
2002, Phys. Rev. D 65, 041302.
Bernardeau, F., and R. Schaeffer,
1992, Astron. Astrophys. 255, 1.
Bertolami, O.,
1986, Fortschr. Phys. 34, 829.
Bertolami, O., and P. J. Martins,
2000, Phys. Rev. D 61, 064007.
Binétruy, P.,
1999, Phys. Rev. D 60, 063502.
Birkel, M., and S. Sarkar,
1997, Astropart. Phys. 6, 197.
Blais-Ouellette, S., P. Amram, and C. Carignan,
2001, Astron. J. 121, 1952.
Blanchard, A., R. Sadat, J. G. Bartlett, and M. Le Dour,
2000, Astron. Astrophys. 362, 809.
Bludman, S. A., and M. A. Ruderman,
1977, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 255.
Blumenhagen, R., B. Körs, D. Lüst, and T. Ott, 2002, preprint
hep-th/0202124.
Blumenthal, G. R., A. Dekel, and J. R. Primack,
1988, Astrophys. J. 326, 539.
Blumenthal, G. R., S. M. Faber, J. R. Primack, and M. J. Rees,
1984, Nature 311, 517.
Bode, P., J. P. Ostriker, and N. Turok,
2001, Astrophys. J. 556, 93.
Bond, J. R., 1988, in
The Early Universe, edited by W. G. Unruh
and G. W. Semenoff (Reidel, Dordrecht), p. 283.
Bond, J. R., R. Crittenden, R. L. Davis, G. Efstathiou, and
P. J. Steinhardt,
1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 13.
Bondi, H.
1960, Cosmology (Cambridge University, Cambridge).
Bondi, H., and T. Gold,
1948, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 108, 252.
Bordag, M., U. Mohideen, and V. M. Mostepanenko,
2001, Phys. Rep. 353, 1.
Borgani, S., P. Rosati, P. Tozzi, P., S. A. Stanford, P. R. Eisenhardt,
C. Lidman, B. Holden, R. D. Ceca, C. Norman, and G. Squires,
2001, Astrophys. J. 561, 13.
Boughn, S. P., and R. G. Crittenden, 2001, preprint
astro-ph/0111281.
Bousso, R.,
2000, J. High Ener. Phys. 0011, 038.
Branchini, E., W. Freudling, L. N. Da Costa, C. S. Frenk, R. Giovanelli,
M. P. Haynes, J. J. Salzer, G. Wegner, and I. Zehavi,
2001, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 326, 1191.
Branchini, E., I. Zehavi, M. Plionis, and A. Dekel,
2000, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 313, 491.
Brandenberger, R. H., 2001, preprint
hep-ph/0101119.
Brax, P., and J. Martin,
2000, Phys. Rev. D 61, 103502.
Brax, P., J. Martin, and A. Riazuelo,
2000, Phys. Rev. D 62, 103505.
Brax, P., J. Martin, and A. Riazuelo,
2001, Phys. Rev. D 64, 083505.
Bridle, S., R. G. Crittenden, A. Melchiorri, M. P. Hobson, R. Kneissl,
and A. N. Lasenby, 2001, preprint
astro-ph/0112114.
Bronstein, M.,
1933, Phys. Z. Sowjetunion 3, 73.
Brown, G. S., and Tinsley, B. M.,
1974, Astrophys. J. 194, 555.
Buchalter, A., D. J. Helfand, R. H. Becker, and R. L. White,
1998, Astrophys. J. 494, 503.
Bucher, M., and D. N. Spergel,
1999, Phys. Rev. D 60, 043505.
Bucher, M., and N. Turok,
1995, Phys. Rev. D 52, 5538.
Burgess, C. P., P. Martineau, F. Quevedo, G. Rajesh, and R.-J. Zhang,
2002, J. High Ener. Phys. 0203, 052.
Burles, S., K. M. Nollett, and M. S. Turner,
2001, Astrophys. J. Lett. 552, L1.
Burstein, D., 2000, in
Cosmic Flows Workshop, edited by
S. Courteau and J. Willick, Astron. Soc. Pac. Conf. Proc. 201, 178.
Caldwell, R. R., R. Davé, and P. J. Steinhardt,
1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1582.
Canuto, V., P. J. Adams, S.-H. Hsieh, and E. Tsiang,
1977, Phys. Rev. D 16, 1643.
Canuto, V., and J. F. Lee,
1977, Phys. Lett. B 72, 281.
Carlstrom, J. E., M. Joy, L. Grego, G. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, S. LaRoque,
J. J. Mohr, and E. D. Reese, 2001, in
Constructing the Universe with Clusters of Galaxies, edited by
F. Durret and G. Gerbal (in press), preprint
astro-ph/0103480.
Carretta, E., R. G. Gratton, G. Clementini, and F. F. Pecci,
2000, Astrophys. J. 533, 215.
Carroll, S. M.,
1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3067.
Carroll, S. M.,
2001, Living Rev. Relativity 4, 1.
Carroll, S. M., W. H. Press, and E. L. Turner,
1992, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 30, 499.
Casimir, H. B. G.,
1948, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. 51, 635.
Chaboyer, B., and L. M. Krauss,
2002, Astrophys. J. Lett. 567, L45.
Chen, B., and F.-L. Lin,
2002, Phys. Rev. D 65, 044007.
Chen, G., and B. Ratra, preprint
astro-ph/0207051.
Chen, X., R. J. Scherrer, and G. Steigman,
2001, Phys. Rev. D 63, 123504.
Chiba, T.,
1999, Phys. Rev. D, 60, 083508.
Chiba, T., T. Okabe, and M. Yamaguchi,
2000, Phys. Rev. D 62, 023511.
Chimento, L. P., and A. S. Jakubi,
1996, Intl. J. Mod. Phys. D 5, 71.
Choi, K., 1999, preprint
hep-ph/9912218.
Coble, K., S. Dodelson, M. Dragovan, K. Ganga, L. Knox, J. Kovac, B. Ratra,
and T. Souradeep, 2001, preprint
astro-ph/0112506.
Coc, A., E. Vangioni-Flam, M. Lassé, and M. Rabibet,
2002, Phys. Rev. D 65, 043510.
Cohen-Tannoudji, C., J. Dupont-Roc, and G. Grynberg, 1992,
Atom-Photon Interactions (Wiley, New York), p. 121.
Colberg, J. M., et al.,
2000, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 319, 209.
Cole, S., D. H. Weinberg, C. S. Frenk, and B. Ratra,
1997, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 289, 37.
Coleman, S., and F. De Luccia,
1980, Phys. Rev. D 21, 3305.
Colley, W. N., J. R. Gott, and C. Park,
1996, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 281, L82.
Cooray, A. R.,
1999, Astrophys. J. 524, 504.
Copeland, E. J., N. J. Nunes, and F. Rosati,
2000, Phys. Rev. D 62, 123503.
Corasaniti, P. S., and E. J. Copeland,
2002, Phys. Rev. D 65, 043004.
Croom, S. M., R. J. Smith, B. J. Boyle, T. Shanks, N. S. Loaring, L. Miller,
and I. J. Lewis,
2001, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 322, L29.
Cyburt, R. H., B. D. Fields, and K. A. Olive,
2001, New Astron. 6, 215.
Dalal, N., K. Abazajian, E. Jenkins, and A. Manohar,
2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 141302.
Daly, R., and E. J. Guerra, 2001, preprint
astro-ph/0109383.
Danese, L., G. L. Granato, L. Silva, M. Magliocchetti, and G. De Zotti,
2002, in
The Mass of Galaxies at Low and High Redshift,
edited by R. Bender and A. Renzini (Springer, Berlin, in press).
Dasgupta, K., C. Herdeiro, S. Hirano, and R. Kallosh,
2002, Phys. Rev. D 65, 126002.
Davé, R., D. N. Spergel, P. J. Steinhardt, and B. D. Wandelt,
2001, Astrophys. J. 547, 574.
Davis, R. L.,
1987, Phys. Rev. D 35, 3705.
Davis, A. C., M. Dine, and N. Seiberg,
1983, Phys. Lett. B 125, 487.
Davis, M., G. Efstathiou, C. S. Frenk, and S. D. M. White,
1985, Astrophys. J. 292, 371.
Davis, M., and P. J. E. Peebles,
1983a, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 21, 109.
Davis, M., and P. J. E. Peebles,
1983b, Astrophys. J. 267, 465.
de Blok, W. J. G., and A. Bosma,
2002, Astron. Astrophys. 385, 816.
de Blok, W. J. G., S. S. McGaugh, A. Bosma, and V. C. Rubin,
2001, Astrophys. J. Lett. 552, L23.
Deffayet, C., G. Dvali, and G. Gabadadze,
2002, Phys. Rev. D 65, 044023.
de la Macorra, A., and G. Piccinelli,
2000, Phys. Rev. D 61, 123503.
de la Macorra, A., and C. Stephan-Otto,
2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 271301.
de Oliveira-Costa, A., M. Tegmark, L. A. Page, and S. P. Boughn,
1998, Astrophys. J. Lett. 509, L9.
de Ritis, R., A. A. Marino, C. Rubano, and P. Scudellaro,
2000, Phys. Rev. D 62, 043506.
de Sitter, W.,
1917, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 78, 3.
Dicke, R. H.,
1968, Astrophys. J. 152, 1.
Dicke, R. H.,
1970, Gravitation and the Universe
(American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia).
Dicke, R. H., and P. J. E. Peebles, 1979, in
General Relativity,
edited by S. W. Hawking and W. Israel (Cambridge University, Cambridge),
p. 504.
Dimopoulos, K., and J. W. F. Valle, 2001, preprint
astro-ph/0111417.
Dine, M., 1996, preprint
hep-ph/9612389.
Di Pietro, E., and J. Demaret,
2001, Intl. J. Mod. Phys. D 10, 231.
Dirac, P. A. M.,
1937, Nature 139, 323.
Dirac, P. A. M.,
1938, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 165, 199.
Dodelson, S., M. Kaplinghat, and E. Stewart,
2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5276.
Dodelson, S., et al.,
2002, Astrophys. J. 572, 140.
Dolgov, A. D., 1983, in
The Very Early Universe, edited by
G. W. Gibbons,
S. W. Hawking, and S. T. C. Siklos (Cambridge University, Cambridge), p. 449
Dolgov, A. D., 1989, in
The Quest for the Fundamental Constants in
Cosmology,
edited by J. Audouze and J. Tran Thanh Van (Editions
Frontières, Gif-sur-Yvette), p. 227.
Doran, M., and J. Jäckel, 2002, preprint
astro-ph/0203018.
Doran, M., M. Lilley, J. Schwindt, and C. Wetterich,
2001, Astrophys. J. 559, 501.
Dreitlein, J.,
1974, Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 1243.
Dubinski, J., and R. G. Carlberg,
1991, Astrophys. J. 378, 496.
Durrer, R., B. Novosyadlyj, and S. Apunevych, 2001, preprint
astro-ph/0111594.
Dvali, G., and S.-H. H. Tye,
1999, Phys. Lett. B 450, 72.
Eddington, A. S.,
1924, The Mathematical Theory of Relativity
(Cambridge University, Cambridge).
Eddington, A. S.,
1939, Sci. Prog. 34, 225.
Efstathiou, G.,
1999, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 310, 842.
Efstathiou, G.,
2002, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 332, 193.
Efstathiou, G., and J. R. Bond,
1999, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 304, 75.
Efstathiou, G., and M. J. Rees,
1988, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 230, 5P.
Efstathiou, G., W. J. Sutherland, and S. J. Maddox,
1990, Nature 348, 705.
Einstein, A., 1917, Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., p. 142
[English translation in
The Principle of Relativity (Dover,
New York, 1952), p. 177].
Einstein, A.,
1931, Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., p. 235.
Etoh, T., M. Hashimoto, K. Arai, and S. Fujimoto,
1997, Astron. Astrophys. 325, 893.
Evrard, A. E.,
1989, Astrophys. J. Lett. 341, L71.
Faber, S. M., G. Wegner, D. Burstein, R. L. Davies, A. Dressler,
D. Lynden-Bell, and R. J. Terlevich,
1989, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 69, 763.
Falco, E. E., C. S. Kochanek, and J. A. Muñoz,
1998, Astrophys. J. 494, 47.
Fan, X., et al.,
2001, Astron. J. 122, 2833.
Faraoni, V.,
2000, Phys. Rev. D 62, 023504.
Feldman, H. A., J. A. Frieman, J. N. Fry, and R. Scoccimarro,
2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1434.
Ferrarese, L., and D. Merritt,
2000, Astrophys. J. Lett. 539, L9.
Ferreira, P. G., and M. Joyce,
1998, Phys. Rev. D 58, 023503.
Fischler, W., A. Kashani-Poor, R. McNees, and S. Paban,
2001, J. High Ener. Phys. 0107, 003.
Fischler, W., B. Ratra, and L. Susskind,
1985, Nucl. Phys. B 259, 730.
Fisher, K. B., C. A. Scharf, and O. Lahav,
1994, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 266, 219.
Fixsen, D. J., E. S. Cheng, J. M. Gales, J. C. Mather, R. A. Shafer,
and E. L. Wright,
1996, Astrophys. J. 473, 576.
Flores, R. A., and J. R. Primack,
1994, Astrophys. J. Lett. 427, L1.
Ford, L. H.,
1987, Phys. Rev. D 35, 2339.
Fosalba, P., O. Dore, and F. R. Bouchet,
2002, Phys. Rev. D 65, 063003.
Freedman, W. L., 2002, in
2001: A Spacetime Odyssey, edited by M. J.
Duff and J. T. Liu (World Scientific, Singapore, in press).
Freedman, W. L., et al.,
2001, Astrophys. J. 553, 47.
Freese, K., F. C. Adams, J. A. Frieman, and E. Mottola,
1987, Nucl. Phys. B 287, 797.
Frewin, L. A., and J. E. Lidsey,
1993, Intl. J. Mod. Phys. D 2, 323.
Friedmann, A.,
1922, Z. Phys. 10, 377
[English translation in Cosmological Constants, edited by
J. Bernstein and G. Feinberg (Columbia University, New York, 1986), p. 49].
Friedmann, A.,
1924, Z. Phys. 21, 326
[English translation in Cosmological Constants, edited by
J. Bernstein and G. Feinberg (Columbia University, New York, 1986), p. 59].
Frieman, J. A., C. T. Hill, A. Stebbins, and I. Waga,
1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2077.
Fry, J. N.,
1984, Astrophys. J. 279, 499.
Fry, J. N.,
1985, Phys. Lett. B 158, 211.
Fry, J. N.,
1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 215.
Fry, J. N., and E. Gaztañaga,
1993, Astrophys. J. <