Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 1988. 36: 539-598
Copyright © 1998 by
Annual Reviews
. All rights reserved
REFERENCES
Antonucci R.
1993.
Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
31:473
Appl S, and Camenzind M.
1992.
Astron. Astrophys.
256:354
Appl S, and Camenzind M.
1993a.
Astron. Astrophys.
270:71
Appl S, and Camenzind M.
1993b.
Astron. Astrophys.
274:699
Arnold CN, and Arnett WD.
1986.
Ap. J. Lett.
305:L57
Balbus SA, and Hawley JF.
1991.
Ap. J.
376:214
Basset GM, and Woodward PR.
1995.
Ap. J.
441:582
Begelman MC, Blandford RD, and Rees MJ.
1984.
Rev. Mod. Phys.
56:255
Begelman MC, and Cioffi DF.
1989.
Ap. J. Lett.
345:L21
Begelman MC, Rees MJ, and Sikora M.
1994.
Ap. J. Lett.
429:L57
Benford G.
1978.
MNRAS
183:29
Benford G.
1992.
Ap. J. Lett.
391:L59
Benford G, Ferrari A, and Trussoni E.
1980.
Ap. J.
241:98
Bicknell GV, and Begelman MC.
1996.
Ap. J.
467:597
Birkinshaw M. 1991. In
Beams and Jets in Astrophysics
, ed. PA Hughes, p. 279. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
Biskamp D. 1994.
Phys. Rep.
237:179
Blackman EG.
1996.
Ap. J. Lett.
456:L87
Blandford RD.
1976.
MNRAS
176:465
Blandford RD. 1989. In
Theory of Accretion Disks
, ed. P Meyer, W Duschl, J Frank, E Meyer-Hofmeister, p. 35. Reidel: Kluwer
Blandford RD, Netzer H, and Woltjer L, eds.
1990.
Active Galactic Nuclei
, 20th Saas Fee Adv. Course. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
Blandford RD, and Ostriker JP.
1978.
Ap. J. Lett.
221:L29
Blandford RD, and Payne DG.
1982.
MNRAS
199:883
Blandford RD, and Pringle JE.
1976.
MNRAS
176:443
Blandford RD, and Rees MJ.
1974.
MNRAS
169:395
Blandford RD, and Znajek RL.
1977.
MNRAS
179:433
Blondin JM, Fryxell BA, and Königl A.
1990.
Ap. J.
360:370
Bodo G, Ferrari A, Massaglia S, Rossi P, Shibata K, and Uchida Y.
1992.
Astron. Astrophys.
256:689
Bodo G, Ferrari A, Massaglia S, and Trussoni E.
1990.
MNRAS
244:530
Bodo G, Massaglia S, Ferrari A, and Trussoni E.
1994.
Astron. Astrophys.
283:655
Bodo G, Massaglia S, Rossi P, Rosner R, Malagoli A, and Ferrari A.
1995.
Astron. Astrophys.
303:281
Bodo G, Rosner R, Ferrari A, and Knobloch E.
1989.
Ap. J.
341:631
Bodo G, Rosner R, Ferrari A, and Knobloch E.
1996.
Ap. J.
470:797
Bodo G, Rossi P, Massaglia S, Ferrari A, Malagoli A, and Rosner R.
1998.
Astron. Astrophys.
333:1117
Bridle AH, and Fomalont EB.
1976.
Astron. Astrophys.
52:107
Bridle AH, and Perley RA.
1984.
Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
22:319
Brown GL, and Roshko A. 1974.
J. Fluid Mech.
284:171
Burbidge GR. 1958.
Ap. J.
129:841
Burns JO, Norman ML, and Clarke DA.
1991.
Science
253:522
Camenzind M.
1986.
Astron. Astrophys.
156:137
Camenzind M. 1998. In
Astrophysical Jets-Open Problems, 3rd Torino Wkshp
.
, ed. S Massaglia, G Bodo, p. 3, Amsterdam: Gordon & Breach
Capetti A, Macchetto FD, Axon DJ, Sparks WB, and Boksenberg A.
1996.
Ap. J.
448:600
Carilli CL, Perley RA, Bartel N, and Soarthia B. 1996. In
Energy Transport in Radio Galaxies and Quasars, Tuscaloosa Workshop
, ed. PE Hardee, AH Bridle, JA Zensus, ASP Conf. Ser. 100, p. 287. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
Chan KL, and Henriksen RN.
1980.
Ap. J.
241:534
Chandrasekhar S.
1961.
Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability
. Oxford: Clarendon
Chiueh T, Li Z, and Begelman MC.
1991.
Ap. J.
377:462
Cioffi DF, and Blondin JM.
1992.
Ap. J.
392:458
Clarke DA. 1994. In
Jets in Extragalactic Radio Sources
, ed. HJ Röser, K Meisenheimer, p. 243. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
Clarke DA. 1996. In
Energy Transport in Radio Galaxies and Quasars
, ed. PE Hardee, AH Bridle, JA Zensus, ASP Conf. Ser. 100, p. 311. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
Clarke DA, and Burns JO.
1991.
Ap. J.
369:308
Clarke DA, Norman ML, and Burns JO.
1986.
Ap. J. Lett.
311:L63
Cohen MH, Cannon W, Purcell GH, Shaffer DB, and Broderick JJ,
et al.
1971.
Ap. J.
170:207
Cohn H.
1983.
Ap. J.
269:500
Contopoulos J.
1995.
Ap. J.
450:616
Contopoulos J.
1996.
Ap. J.
460:185
Contopoulos J, and Lovelace RVE.
1994.
Ap. J.
429:139
Coppi P, Blandford RD, and Rees MJ.
1993.
MNRAS
262:203
De Young DS.
1976.
Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
14:447
De Young DS.
1980.
Ap. J.
241:81
De Young DS.
1993.
Ap. J. Lett.
405:L13
De Young DS. 1996. In
Energy Transport in Radio Galaxies and Quasars: Tuscaloosa Workshop
, ed. PE Hardee, AH Bridle, JA Zensus, ASP Conf. Ser. 100, p. 261. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
Duncan GC, and Hughes PA.
1994.
Ap. J. Lett.
436:L119
Eilek JA.
1979.
Ap. J.
230:373
Eilek JA, and Caroff LJ.
1979.
Ap. J.
233:463
Eilek JA, and Hughes PA. 1991. In
Beams and Jets in Astrophysics
, ed. PA Hughes, p. 428. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
Falcke H. 1996. In
Jets from Stars and Galactic Nuclei
, ed. W Kundt, p. 19. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
Falcke H, and Biermann PL.
1995.
Astron. Astrophys.
293:665
Falcke H, Gopal-Krishna , and Biermann PL.
1995.
Astron. Astrophys.
298:395
Fanaroff BL, and Riley JM.
1974.
MNRAS
167:31P
Felten JE.
1968.
Ap. J.
151:861
Feretti L, Fanti R, Parma P, Massaglia S, Trussoni E, and Brinkmann W.
1995.
Astron. Astrophys.
298:699
Ferrari A. 1984. In
Unstable Current Systems and Plasma Instabilities in Astrophysics
, IAU Symp. 107, p. 393. Dordrecht: Reidel
Ferrari A, and Melrose DB.
1997.
Vistas Astron.
41:259
Ferrari A, Trussoni E, and Zaninetti L. 1978.
MNRAS
79:190
Ferrari A, Trussoni E, Rosner R, and Tsinganos K.
1986.
Ap. J.
300:577
Ferrari A, Trussoni E, and Zaninetti L.
1979.
Astron. Astrophys.
79:190
Ferrari AE, Rosner , Trussoni R, and Tsinganos K.
1985.
Ap. J.
294:397
Ferreira J, and Pelletier G.
1993a.
Astron. Astrophys.
276:625
Ferreira J, and Pelletier G.
1993b.
Astron. Astrophys.
276:637
Ferreira J, and Pelletier G.
1995.
Astron. Astrophys.
295:807
Field G.
1965.
Ap. J.
142:531
Frank J.
1979.
MNRAS
187:883
Frank A, Jones TW, Ryu D, and Gaalaas JB.
1996.
Ap. J.
460:777
Fukue J, and Okada R.
1990.
Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn.
42:249
Gerwin RA.
1968.
Rev. Mod. Phys.
40:652
Ghisellini G, Bodo G, Trussoni E, and Rees MJ.
1990.
Ap. J. Lett.
362:L1
Goldreich P, and Julian WH.
1969.
Ap. J.
157:869
Gouveia Dal Pino EM, Birkinshaw M, and Benz W.
1996.
Ap. J. Lett.
460:L111
Hardee PE, and Norman ML.
1988.
Ap. J.
334:70
Hardee PE, and Norman ML. 1989.
Ap. J.
342:6804
Hardee PE, and Stone JM.
1997.
Ap. J.
483:121
Hartman RC, Bertsch DL, Fichtel CE, Hunter SD, and Kanbach G,
et al.
1992.
Ap. J. Lett.
385:L1
Heyvaerts J, and Norman C.
1989.
Ap. J.
347:1045
Icke V, Mellema G, Balick B, Eulderink F, and Frank A.
1991.
Nature
355:524
Jafelice LC, and Opher R.
1992.
MNRAS
257:135
Jennison RC, and Das Gupta MK. 1953.
Nature
172:996
Kellermann KI, and Pauliny-Toth IIK.
1981.
Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
19:373
Koide S, Nishikawa KI, and Mutel RL.
1996a.
Ap. J. Lett.
463:L71
Koide S, Sakai JI, Nishikawa KI, and Mutel RL.
1996.
Ap. J.
464:724
Koide S, Shibata K, and Kudoh T.
1998.
Ap. J. Lett.
495:L63
Komissarov SS, and Falle SAEG.
1997.
MNRAS
288:833
Königl A.
1989.
Ap. J.
342:208
Königl A. 1994. In
Theory of Accretion Disks
, ed. WJ Duschl, J Frank, J Meyer, E Meyer-Hofmeister, WM Tscharnuter, p. 53. Dordrecht: Kluwer
Kössl D, Muller E, and Hillebrandt W.
1990.
Astron. Astrophys.
229:378
,
397
Kudoh T, and Shibata K.
1995.
Ap. J. Lett.
452:L41
Kundt W. 1996. In
Jets from Stars and Galactic Nuclei
, ed. W Kundt, p. 1. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
Kundt W, and Gopal-Krishna.
1980.
Nature
288:149
Lacombe C.
1977.
Astron. Astrophys.
54:1
Leahy JP, and Perley RA. 1991.
Ap. J.
344:89
Li Z, Chiueh T, and Begelman MC.
1992.
Ap. J.
394:459
Lind KR, Payne DG, Meyer DL, and Blandford RD.
1989.
Ap. J.
344:89
Loken C, Burns JO, Clarke DA, and Norman ML.
1992.
Ap. J.
392:54
Lovelace RVE.
1976.
Nature
262:649
Lovelace RVE, Berk HL, and Contopoulos J.
1991.
Ap. J.
379:696
Lovelace RVE, and Sudan RN.
1971.
Phys. Rev. Lett.
27:1256
Lovelace RVE, Wang JCL, and Sulkanen ME.
1987.
Ap. J.
315:504
Macchetto FD. 1996. In
Extragalactic Radio Sources
, ed. R Ekers, C Fanti, L Padrielli, IAU Symp. 175, p. 195. Dordrecht: Kluwer
Macdonald D, and Thorne KS.
1982.
MNRAS
198:345
Malagoli A, Bodo G, and Rosner R.
1996.
Ap. J.
456:708
Martì JMa, Müller E, and Ibañez JMa.
1994.
Astron. Astrophys.
281:L9
Martì JMa, Müller E, Font JA, and Ibañez JMa.
1995.
Ap. J. Lett.
448:L105
Massaglia S, Bodo G, and Ferrari A.
1996a.
Astron. Astrophys.
307:997
Massaglia S, Bodo G, and Ferrari A. 1996b. In
Jets from Stars and Galactic Nuclei
, ed. W Kundt, p. 275. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
Mastichiadis A, and Kirk JG.
1995.
Astron. Astrophys.
295:613
Matsumoto R, Uchida Y, Hirose S, Shibata K, and Hayashi MR,
et al.
1996.
Ap. J.
461:115
Meier DL.
1979.
Ap. J.
233:664
Meier DL, Edgington S, Godon P, Payne DG, and Lind KR.
1997.
Nature
388:350
Meisenheimer K, Röser H-J, and Schlötenburg M.
1996.
Astron. Astrophys.
307:61
Mestel L.
1961.
MNRAS
122:473
Micono M, Massaglia S, Bodo G, Rossi P, and Ferrari A.
1998.
Astron. Astrophys.
333:989
Miles JW. 1957.
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
29:226
Miley GK.
1980.
Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
18:165
Miley GK, Wellington KJ, and van der Laan H.
1975.
Astron. Astrophys.
38:381
Miller RB. 1982.
An Introduction to the Physics of Intense Charged Particle Beams
. New York: Plenum
Min KW.
1997.
Ap. J.
482:733
Mirabel IF, and Rodriguez LF.
1994.
Nature
371:46
Moffet AT, Gubbay J, Robertson DS, and Legg AJ. 1971. In
External Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar Objects
, ed. DS Evans, IAU Symp. 44, p. 228. Dordrecht: Reidel
Nishikawa K-I, Koide S, Sakai J-I, Christodoulou DM, Sol H, and Mutel R.
1997.
Ap. J. Lett.
483:L45
Nobili L, and Turolla R. 1998. In
Astrophysical Jets-Open Problems, 3rd Torino Wkshp
, ed. S Massaglia, G Bodo, p. 31, Amsterdam: Gordon & Breach
Norman CA, Melrose DB, and Achterberg A.
1996.
Ap. J.
454:60
Norman ML. 1996. In
Energy Transport in Radio Galaxies and Quasars
, ed. PE Hardee, AH Bridle, JA Zensus, ASP Conf. Ser. 100, p. 319. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
Norman ML, and Balsara DS. 1993. In
Jets in Extragalactic Radio Sources
, ed. HJ Röser, K Meisenheimer, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
Norman ML, Burns JO, and Sulkanen ME.
1988.
Nature
335:146
Norman ML, Smarr L, Winkler K-HA, and Smith MD.
1982.
Ap. J.
113:285
Norman ML, Winkler K-HA, and Smarr L. 1983. In
Astrophysical Jets
, ed. A Ferrari, AG Pacholczyk, p. 227. Dordrecht: Reidel
Ouyed R, and Pudritz RE.
1997a.
Ap. J.
482:712
Ouyed R, and Pudritz RE.
1997b.
Ap. J.
484:794
Pacholczyk AG. 1977.
Radio Galaxies
. Oxford: Pergamon
Papaloizou JCB, and Lin DCN.
1995.
Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
33:505
Parker EN.
1958.
Ap. J.
128:664
Parker EN. 1963.
Interplanetary Dynamical Processes
. New York: Interscience
Pelletier G, and Pudritz RE.
1992.
Ap. J.
394:117
Phinney ES. 1982. In
Astrophysical Jets, 1st Torino Workshop
, ed. A Ferrari, A Pacholczyk, p. 201. Dordrecht: Reidel
Punsly B, and Coroniti FV.
1990.
Ap. J.
350:518
Qian SJ, Quirrenbach A, Witzel A, Krichbaum TP, Hummel CA, and Zensus JA.
1991.
Astron. Astrophys.
241:15
Quirrenbach A, Qian SJ, Witzel A, Krichbaum TP, Hummel CA, and Alberdi S.
1989.
Astron. Astrophys.
226:L1
Quirrenbach A, Witzel A, Wagner S, Sanchez-Pons F, and Krichbaum TP,
et al.
1991.
Ap. J. Lett.
372:L71
Raga AC, and Kofman L.
1992.
Ap. J.
386:222
Rees MJ. 1971.
Nature
229:312 (errata p. 510)
Rees MJ.
1984.
Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
22:471
Romanova MM, Ustyugova GV, Koldoba AV, Chechetkin VM, and Lovelace RVE.
1997.
Ap. J.
482:708
Rossi P, Bodo G, Massaglia S, and Ferrari A.
1993.
Ap. J.
414:112
Rossi P, Bodo G, Massaglia S, and Ferrari A.
1997.
Astron. Astrophys.
321:672
Rosso F, and Pelletier G.
1994.
Astron. Astrophys.
287:325
Sakurai T.
1985.
Astron. Astrophys.
152:121
Sauty C, and Tsinganos K.
1994.
Astron. Astrophys.
287:893
Scheuer PAG.
1974.
MNRAS
166:513
Shibata K, and Uchida Y.
1986.
Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn.
38:631
Shibata K, and Uchida Y.
1990.
Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn.
42:39
Shu F, Najita J, Ostriker E, and Wilkin F.
1994.
Ap. J.
429:781
Sol H, Pelletier G, and Asséo E.
1989.
MNRAS
237:411
Stone JM, and Norman ML.
1992.
Ap. J. Suppl.
80:753
,
791
Stone JM, and Norman ML.
1994.
Ap. J.
433:746
Stone JM, Xu J, and Hardee PE.
1997.
Ap. J.
483:136
Tajima T, and Leboeuf JN.
1980.
Phys. Fluids
23(5):884
Thompson PA. 1972.
Compressible Fluid Dynamics
. New York: McGraw-Hill
Trussoni E, Sauty C, and Tsinganos K. 1996. In
Solar and Astrophysical MHD Flows
, ed. K Tsinganos, p. 383. Dordrecht: Kluwer
Tsinganos K, Surlantzis G, Sauty C, and Trussoni E. 1996. In
Solar and Astrophysical MHD Flows
, ed. K Tsinganos, p. 427. Dordrecht: Kluwer
Turland BD.
1975.
MNRAS
170:281
, 172:181
Turland BD, and Scheuer PAG.
1976.
MNRAS
176:421
Uchida Y, and Shibata K.
1985.
Publ. Astron. Soc. Jap.
37:515
Ulrich M-H, Maraschi L, and Urry CM.
1997.
Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
35:445
Ustyugova GV, Koldoba AV, Romanova MM, Chechetkin VM, and Lovelace RVE.
1995.
Ap. J. Lett.
439:L39
van Dyke M.
1982.
An Album of Fluid Motion
. Stanford: Parabolic
van Putten MHPM.
1996.
Ap. J. Lett.
467:L57
Villata M, and Ferrari A.
1995.
Astron. Astrophys.
293:626
Weber EJ, and Davis L.
1967.
Ap. J.
148:217
Whitney AR, Shapiro II , Rogers AAE, Robertson DS, and Knight CA,
et al.
1971.
Science
173:225
Witzel A. 1992. In
Physics of Active Galactic Nuclei
, ed. WJ Duschl, SJ Wagner, p. 484. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
Zachary AL, Malagoli A, and Colella P. 1994.
SIAM J. Sci. Comp.
15:263
Zensus JA. 1996. In
Extragalactic Radio Sources
, IAU Symp. 175, p. 5. Dordrecht: Kluwer