REFERENCES
Agol, E., Jones, B., & Blaes, O.,
2000, ApJ, 545, 657
Angonin-Willaime, M.-C., Soucail, G., & Vanderriest, C.,
1994, A&A, 291, 411
Bade, N., Siebert, J., Lopez, S., Voges,
W., & Reimers, D.,
1997, A&A, 317, 13
Barkana, R.,
1996, ApJ, 468, 17
Barkana, R.,
1997, ApJ, 489, 21
Barkana, R.,
1998, ApJ, 502, 531
Barkana, R., Lehár, J., Falco,
E.E., Grogin, N.A., Keeton, C.R., & Shapiro, I.I.,
1999, ApJ, 523, 54
Bartelmann, M., & Meneghetti,
M., 2003, A&A submitted,
astro-ph/0312011
Bender, R., et al.,
1989, A&A, 217, 35
Bender, R., Saglia, R.P., Ziegler, B.,
Belloni, P., Greggio, L., Hopp, U., & Bruzual, G.,
1998, ApJ, 493, 529
Benson, A.J., Bower, R.G., Frenk, C.S.,
Lacey, C.G., Baugh, C.M., & Cole, S.,
2003, ApJ, 599, 38
Bernstein, G.M., Tyson, J.A., &
Kochanek, C.S.,
1993, AJ, 105, 816
Bernstein, G., & Fischer, P.,
1999, AJ, 118, 14
Beskin, G.M., & Oknyanskij, V.L.,
1995, A&A, 304, 341
Biggs, A.D., Browne, I.W.A, Helbig, P.,
Koopmans, L.V.E., Wilkinson, P.N., & Perley, R.A.,
1999, MNRAS, 304, 349
Biggs, A.D., Browne, I.W.A., Jackson,
N.J., York, T., Norbury, M.A., McKean, J.P., & Phillips, P.M., 2004,
MNRAS submitted
[astro-ph/0402128]
Binney, J.J., & Mamon, G.A.,
1982, MNRAS, 200, 361
Binney, J.J., & Tremaine, S.,
1987, Galactic Dynamics (Princeton: Princeton
University Press)
Bischof, O.B., & Becker, R.H.,
1997, AJ, 113, 2000
Blandford, R.D., & Narayan, R.,
1986, ApJ, 310, 568
Blandford, R.D., & Kochanek, C.S.,
1987a, Dark Matter in the Universe, J. Bahcall,
T. Piran & S. Weinberg, eds., (World Scientific: Singapore) 133
Blandford, R.D., & Kochanek, C.S.,
1987b, ApJ, 321, 658
Blandford, R.D., & Narayan, R.,
1992, ARA&A,
30, 311
Blumenthal G.R., Faber S.M., Flores
R., & Primack J.R.,
1986, ApJ, 301, 27
Bode, P., Ostriker, J.P., & Turok,
N.,
2001, ApJ, 556, 93
Borgeest, U., von Linde, J., &
Refsdal, S.,
1991, A&A, 251, L35
Bradac, M., Schneider, P., Steinmetz,
M., Lombardi, M., & King, L.J.,
2002, A&A, 388, 373
Browne, I.W.A., Wilkinson, P.N.,
Jackson, N.J.F., et al.,
2003, MNRAS, 341, 13
Bruzual, G., & Charlot, S.,
1993, ApJ, 405, 538
Bullock, J.S., Kravtsov, A.V., &
Weinberg, D.H.,
2000, ApJ, 539, 517
Buote, D.A., Jeltema, T.E., Canizares,
C.R., & Garmire, G.P.,
2002, ApJ, 577, 183
Burke, B.F., Lehár, J., &
Conner, S.R., 1992, in
Gravitational Lenses, ed.R.Kayser, T.Schramm&
L.Nieser (Berlin: Springer), 237
Burkert, A., & Naab, T., 2003, in
Galaxies & Chaos, eds. G. Contopulos & N. Voglis (Berlin:
Springer Verlag) 327
[astro-ph/0301385]
Burud, I., et al.,
2000, ApJ, 544, 117
Burud, I., et al.,
2002a, A&A, 383, 71
Burud, I., et al.,
2002b, A&A, 391, 481
Byun, Y.-I., Grillmair, C.J., Faber,
S.M., Ajhar, E.A., Dressler, A., Kormendy, J., Lauer, T.R., Richstone,
D., & Tremaine, S.,
1996, AJ, 111, 1889
Cardelli, J.A., Clayton, G.C., &
Mathis, J.S.,
1989, ApJ, 345, 245
Carroll, S.M., Press, W.H., &
Turner, E.L.,
1992, ARA&A, 30,
499
Chae, K.-H., Turnshek, D.A., &
Khersonsky, V.K.,
1998, ApJ, 495, 609
Chae, K.-H., Khersonsky, V.K., &
Turnshek, D.A.,
1998, ApJ, 506, 80
Chae, K.-H.,
1999, ApJ, 524, 582
Chae, K.-H., Mao, S., & Augusto, P.,
2001, MNRAS, 326, 1015
Chae, K.H., Biggs, A.D., Blandford,
R.D., et al.,
2002, PhRvL, 89, 1301
Chae, K.-H.,
2003, MNRAS, 346, 746
Chae, K.-H., & Mao, S.,
2003, ApJL, 599, L61
Chae, K.-H., Chen, G., Ratra, B., &
Lee, D.-W.,
2004, ApJ, 607, 71
Chartas, G., Chuss, D., Forman, W.,
Jones, C., & Shapiro, I.,
1998, ApJ, 504, 661
Chartas, G., Bautz, M., Garmire, G.,
Jones, C., & Schneider, D.P.,
2001, ApJL, 550, L163
Chartas, G., Gupta, V., Garmire, G., Jones, C., Falco, E.E., Shapiro, I.I.,
& Tavecchio, F.,
2002, ApJ, 565, 96
Chartas, G.,
2003, Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 2: Measuring
and Modeling the Universe, ed. W. L. Freedman (Pasadena: Carnegie
Observatories)
Chen, G.H., & Hewitt, J.N.,
1993, AJ, 106, 1719
Chen, G.H., Kochanek, C.S., & Hewitt,
J.N.,
1995, ApJ, 447, 62
Chen, J., Kravtsov, A.V., & Keeton,
C.R.,
2003, ApJ, 592, 24
Chiba, M.,
2002, ApJ, 565, 17
Claeskens, J., & Surdej, J.,
2002, A&ARv 10, 263
Cohen, A.S., Hewitt, J.N., Moore, C.B.,
& Haarsma, D.B.,
2000, ApJ, 545, 578
Cohn, J.D., Kochanek, C.S., McLeod,
B.A., & Keeton, C.R.,
2001, ApJ, 554, 1216
Cohn, J.D., & Kochanek, C.S., 2004,
ApJ in press
[astro-ph/0306171]
Cole, S., Lacey, C.G., Baugh, C.M.,
& Frenk, C.S.,
2000, MNRAS, 319, 168
Cole, S., et al.,
2001, MNRAS, 326, 255
Courbin, F., Meylan, G., Kneib, J.-P.,
& Lidman, C.,
2002, ApJ, 575, 95
Courbin, F., Saha, P., & Schechter,
P., 2002, in
Gravitational Lensing: An Astrophysical Tool,
F. Courbin, D. Minniti, eds., LRP, 608, 1
Crampton, D., McClure, R.D., &
Fletcher, J.M.,
1992, ApJ, 392, 23
Dalal, N., & Kochanek, C.S.,
2002, ApJ, 572, 25
Dalal, N., & Keeton, C.R.,
2003, astro-ph/0312072
Dalal, N., Holz, D.E., Chen, X., &
Frieman, J.A.,
2003, ApJL, 585, L11
Davis, A.N., Huterer, D., &
Krauss, L.M.,
2003, MNRAS, 344, 1029
de Vaucouleurs, G.,
1948, Ann.Astrophys., 11, 247
Djorgovski, S.G., Perley, R.,
Meylan, G., & McCarthy, P.,
1987, ApJL 321, L17
Djorgovski, S.G., & Davis, M.,
1987, ApJ, 313, 59
Djorgovski, S.G.,
1991, The Space Distribution of Quasars, ASP #21,
D.Crampton, ed., (ASP) 349
Dressler, A., Lynden-Bell, D.,
Burstein, D., Davies, R.L., Faber, S.M., Terlevich, R.J., & Wegner,
G.,
1987, ApJ, 313, 42
Dubinski, J.,
1992, ApJ, 401, 441
Dubinski, J.,
1994, ApJ, 431, 617
Dunlop, J.S., McLure, R.J., Kukula,
M.J., Baum, S.A., O'Dea, C.P. & Hughes, D.H.,
2003, MNRAS, 340, 1095
Dye, S., & Warren, S.,
2003, astro-ph/0311185
Ellithorpe, J.D., Kochanek, C.S.,
& Hewitt, J.N.,
1996, ApJ, 464, 556
Evans, N.W., & Wilkinson, M.I.,
1998, MNRAS, 296, 800
Evans, N.W., & Witt, H.J.,
2001, MNRAS, 327, 1260
Evans, N.W., & Hunter, C.,
2002, ApJ, 575, 68
Evans, N.W., & Witt, H.J.,
2003, MNRAS, 345, 1351
Faber, S.M., & Jackson, R.E.,
1976, ApJ, 204, 668
Faber, S.M., Dressler, A., Davies, R.L,
Burstein, D., & Lynden-Bell, D., 1987, in
Nearly Normal Galaxies, ed. S.M. Faber (New York:
Springer) 175
Falco, E.E., Gorenstein, M.V., &
Shapiro, I.I.,
1985, ApJ, 289, L1
Falco, E.E., Shapiro, I.I., Moustakas,
L.A., & Davis, M.,
1997, ApJ, 484, 70
Falco, E.E., Kochanek, C.S., &
Muñoz, J.A.,
1998, ApJ, 494, 47
Falco, E.E., Impey, C.D., Kochanek,
C.S., Lehár, J., McLeod, B.A., Rix, H.-W., Keeton, C.R.,
Muñoz, J.A., & Peng, C.Y.,
1999, ApJ, 523, 617
Fassnacht, C.D., Pearson, T.J.,
Readhead, A.C.S., Browne, I.W.A., Koopmans, L.V.E., Myers, S.T., &
Wilkinson, P.N.,
1999, ApJ, 527, 498
Fassnacht, C.D., Xanthopoulos, E.,
Koopmans, L.V.E., & Rusin, D.,
2002, ApJ, 581, 823
Fassnacht, C.D., & Lubin, L.M.,
2002, AJ, 123, 627
Finch, T., Carlivati, L., Winn, J.N.,
& Schechter, P.L.,
2002, ApJ, 577, 51
Fischer, P., Bernstein, G., Rhee, G.,
& Tyson, J.A.,
1997, AJ, 113, 521
Florentin-Nielsen, R.,
1984, A&A, 138, L19
Flores, R., & Primack, J.R.,
1996, ApJL, 457, L5
Foltz, C.B,.Hewitt, P.C., Webster, R.L.,
& Lewis, G.F.,
1992, ApJL, 386, L43
Franx, M., Illingworth, G, & de
Zeeuw, T.,
1991, ApJ 383, 112
Freedman, W., et al.,
2001, ApJ, 553, 47
Fukugita, M., Futamase, T., &
Kasai, M.,
1990, MNRAS, 246, P24
Fukugita, M., & Turner, E.L.,
1991, MNRAS, 253, 99
Fukugita, M., Hogan, C.J., &
Peebles, P.J.E.,
1998, ApJ, 503, 518
Garrett, M.A., Calder, R.J., Porcas,
R.W., King, L.J., Walsh, D., & Wilkinson, P.N.,
1994, MNRAS, 270, 457
Gebhardt, K., et al.,
2003, ApJ in press, astro-ph/0307242
Gerhard, O., Kronawitter, A.,
Saglia, R.P., & Bender, R.,
2001, AJ, 121, 1936
Gerin, M., Phillips, T.G., Benford,
D.J., Young, Y.H., Menten, K.M., & Frye, B.,
1997, ApJL, 488, 31
Gonzalez, A.H., Williams, K.A.,
Bullock, J.S., Kolatt, T.S., & Primack, J.R.,
2000, ApJ, 528, 145
Gorenstein, M.V., Falco, E.E.,
& Shapiro, I.I.,
1988, ApJ, 327, 693
Gott, J.R., Park, M.-G., & Lee, H.M.
1989, ApJ, 338, 1
Green, P.J., Kochanek, C.S.,
Siemiginowska, A., Kim, D.-W., Markevitch, M., Silverman, J., Dosaj, A.,
Jannuzi, B.T., & Smith, C.,
2002, ApJ, 571, 721
Grogin, N.A., & Narayan, R.,
1996, ApJ, 464, 92;
erratum,
1996, ApJ, 473, 570
Haarsma, D.B., Hewitt, J.N.,
Lehár, J., & Burke, B.F.,
1999, ApJ, 510, 64
Helbig, P, & Kayser, R.,
1996, A&A, 308, 359
Hernquist, L.,
1990, ApJ, 356, 359
Hewett, P.C., Foltz, C.B., Harding,
M.E., & Lewis, G.F.,
1998, AJ, 115, 383
Hewitt, J.N., Turner, E.L., Schneider,
D.P., Burke, B.F., & Langston, G.I.,
1988, Nature, 333, 537
Hewitt, J.N., Turner, E.L., Lawrence,
C.R., Schneider, D.P., & Brody, J.P.,
1992, AJ, 104, 968
Heyl, J.S., Hernquist, L., &
Spergel, D.N.,
1994, ApJ, 427, 165
Hinshaw, G., & Krauss, L.M.,
1987, ApJ, 320, 468
Hjorth, J., et al.,
2002, ApJ, 572, L11
Holder, G.P., & Schechter, P.L.,
2003, ApJ, 589, 688
Huchra, J., Gorenstein, M., Kent, S.,
Shapiro, I., Smith, G., Horine, E., & Perley, R.,
1985, AJ, 90, 691
Hunter, C., & Evans, N.W.,
2001, ApJ, 554, 1227
Huterer, D., & Ma, C.-P.,
2004, ApJ, 600, 7
Ibata, R.A., Lewis, G.F., Irwin, M.J.,
Lehár, J., & Totten, E.J.,
1999, AJ, 118, 1922
Im, M., Griffiths, R.E., & Ratnatunga,
K.U.,
1997, ApJ, 475, 457
Impey, C.D., Falco, E.E., Kochanek,
C.S., Lehár, J., McLeod, B.A., Rix, H.-W., Peng, C.Y., &
Keeton, C.R.,
1998, ApJ, 509, 551
Inada, N., Oguri, M., Pindor, B., et al.,
2003, Nature, 426, 810
Irwin, M.J., Ibata, R.A., Lewis, G.F.,
& Totten, E.J.,
1998, ApJ, 505, 529
Jaffe, W.,
1983, MNRAS, 202, 995
Jaunsen, A.O., & Hjorth, J.,
1997, A&Ap, 317, L39
Jean, C., & Surdej, J.,
1998, A&Ap, 339, 729
Johnston, D.E., Richards, G.T.,
Frieman , J.A., et al.,
2003, AJ, 126, 2281
Jones, D.L., et al.,
1996, ApJ, 470, 23
Jorgensen, I., Franx, M., &
Kjaergaard, P.,
1996, MNRAS, 280, 167
Kassiola, A., & Kovner, I.,
1993, ApJ, 417, 450
Kauffmann, G., White, S.D.M., &
Guiderdoni, B.,
1993, MNRAS, 264, 201
Kauffmann, G., & Haehnelt, M.,
2000, MNRAS, 311, 576
Kawano, Y., Oguri, M., Matsubara, T.,
& Ikeuchi, S., 2004, PASJ in press,
astro-ph/0404013
Kazantzidis, S., Kravtsov, A.V.,
Zentner, A.R., Algood, B., Nagai, D., & Moore, B., 2004, ApJL
submitted
[astro-ph/0405189]
Keeton, C.R., Kochanek, C.S., &
Seljak, U.,
1997, ApJ, 482, 604
Keeton, C.R., & Kochanek, C.S.,
1998, ApJ, 495, 157
Keeton, C.R., Kochanek, C.S., &
Falco, E.E.,
1998, ApJ, 509, 561
Keeton, C.R., Falco, E.E., Impey, C.D.,
Kochanek, C.S., Lehár, J., McLeod, B.A., Rix, H.-W., Muñoz,
J.A., & Peng, C.Y.,
2000, ApJ, 542, 74
Keeton, C.R., Christlein, D., &
Zabludoff, A.I.,
2000, ApJ, 545, 129
Keeton, C.R.,
2001a, astro-ph/0102340
Keeton, C.R.,
2001b, ApJ, 46, 60
Keeton, C.R., & Madau, P.,
2001, ApJ, 549, 25
Keeton, C.R.,
2002, ApJL, 575, L1
Keeton, C.R., Gaudi, B.S., &
Petters, A.O.,
2003, ApJ, 598, 138
Keeton, C.R., & Winn, J.N.,
2003, ApJ, 590, 39
Keeton, C.R.,
2003a, ApJ, 582, 17
Keeton, C.R.,
2003b, ApJ, 584, 664
Keeton, C.R., Kuhlen, M., & Haiman,
Z., 2004, ApJ submitted
[astro-ph/0405143]
Kelson, D.D., van Dokkum, P, Franx, M.,
Illingworth, G., & Fabricant, D.,
1997, ApJ, 478, L13
Kelson, D.D., Illingworth, G.D., van
Dokkum, P, & Franx, M.,
2000, ApJ, 531, 184
Khairul, A.S.M., & Ryden, B.S.,
2002, ApJ, 570, 610
King, L., & Browne, I.W.A.,
1996, MNRAS, 282, 67
Klypin, A., Kravtsov, A.V., Valenzuela,
O., & Prada, F.,
1999, ApJ, 522, 82
Kneib, J.-P., Ellis, R.S., Smail, I.,
Couch, W.J., & Sharples, R.M.,
1996, ApJ, 471, 643
Kneib, J.-P., Cohen, J.G & Hjorth, J.,
2000, ApJL, 544, 35
Kochanek, C.S., & Blandford, R.D.,
1987, ApJ, 321, 676
Kochanek, C.S., & Apostolakis,
J.,
1988, MNRAS, 235, 1073
Kochanek, C.S., Blandford, R.D.,
Lawrence, C.R., & Narayan, R.,
1989, MNRAS, 238, 43
Kochanek, C.S., & Lawrence, C.R.,
1990, AJ, 99, 1700
Kochanek, C.S.,
1991a, ApJ, 373, 354
Kochanek, C.S.,
1991b, ApJ, 379, 517
Kochanek, C.S.,
1992a, ApJ, 384, 1
Kochanek, C.S.,
1992b, ApJ, 397, 381
Kochanek, C.S., & Narayan, R.,
1992, ApJ, 401, 461
Kochanek, C.S.,
1993a, ApJ, 417, 438
Kochanek, C.S.,
1993b, ApJ, 419, 12
Kochanek, C.S.,
1993c, MNRAS, 261, 453
Kochanek, C.S.,
1994, ApJ, 436, 56
Kochanek, C.S.,
1995a, ApJ, 445, 559
Kochanek, C.S.,
1995b, ApJ, 453, 545
Kochanek, C.S., Falco, E.E., &
Schild, R.,
1995, ApJ 452, 109
Kochanek, C.S.,
1996a, ApJ, 466, 638
Kochanek, C.S.,
1996b, ApJ, 473, 595
Kochanek, C.S., Falco, E.E., &
Muñoz, J.A.,
1999, ApJ, 510, 590
Kochanek, C.S., et al.,
2000, ApJ, 543, 131
Kochanek, C.S., Falco, E.E., Impey,
C.D., Lehár, J., McLeod, B.A., Rix, H.-W., Keeton, C.R., Peng,
C.Y., & Muñoz, J.A.,
2000, ApJ, 535, 692
Kochanek, C.S., Keeton, C.R., &
McLeod, B.A.,
2001, ApJ, 547, 50
Kochanek, C.S., & White, M.,
2001, ApJ 559, 531
Kochanek, C.S., Pahre, M.A., Falco,
E.E., Huchra, J.P., Mader, J., Jarrett, T.H., Chester, T., Cutri, R.,
& Schneider, S.E.,
2001, ApJ, 560, 566
Kochanek, C.S.,
2002a, ApJ, 578, 25
Kochanek, C.S., 2002b, in
Shapes of Galaxies and Their Dark Halos, P., Natarajan, ed., (Singapore:
World Scientific) 62
Kochanek, C.S.,
2003a, ApJ, 583, 49
Kochanek, C.S.,
2003b, astro-ph/0204043
Kochanek, C.S., 2003c, in
The Dark Universe: Matter Energy and Gravity,
M. Livio, ed. (Cambridge Univ. Press: Cambridge) 139
Kochanek, C.S., & Schechter, P.,
2004, in
Measuring and Modeling the Universe (Carnegie
Observatories Centennial
Symposia) ed. W.L Freedman (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press) 117
Kochanek, C.S.,
2004, ApJ, 605, 58
Kochanek, C.S., & Dalal, N., 2004,
ApJ in press,
astro-ph/0302036
Koopmans, L.V.E., de Bruyn, A.G.,
& Jackson, N.,
1998, MNRAS, 295, 534
Koopmans, L.V.E., de Bruyn, A.G.,
Xanthopoulos, E., & Fassnacht, C.D.,
2000, A&A, 356, 391
Koopmans, L.V.E., de Bruyn, A.G.,
Fassnacht, C.D., Marlow, D.R., et al.,
2000, A&A, 361, 815
Koopmans, L.V.E., Garrett, M.A.,
Blandford, R.D., et al.,
2002, MNRAS, 334, 39
Koopmans, L.V.E., & Treu, T.,
2002, ApJ, 568, 5
Koopmans, L.V.E., & Treu, T.,
2003, ApJ, 583, 606
Koopmans, L.V.E., Treu, T.,
Fassnacht, C.D., Blandford, R.D., & Surpi, G.,
2003, ApJ, 599, 70
Koopmans, L.V.E., & de Bruyn, A.G.,
2003, ApJL submitted
[astro-ph/0311567]
Kormann, R., Schneider, P., &
Bartelmann, M.,
1994, A&A, 284, 285
Kovner, I.,
1987a, ApJ, 312, 22
Kovner, I.,
1987b, ApJ 316, 52
Krauss, L.M., & White, M.,
1992, ApJ, 394, 385
Kuhlen, M., Keeton, C.R., & Madau,
P.,
2004, ApJ, 601, 104
Kukula, M.J., Dunlop, J.S., McLure,
R.J, Miller, L., Percival, W.J., Baum, S.A., & O'Dea, C.P.,
2001, MNRAS, 326, 1533
Kundic, T., Turner, E.L., Colley, W.N.,
Gott, J.R., Rhoads, J.E., Wang, Y., Bergeron, L.E., Gloria, K.A., Long,
D.C., Malhotra, S., & Wambsganss, J.,
1997, ApJ, 482, 75
Kuzmin, G.,
1956, Astr.Zh., 33, 27
Lawrence, C.R., Schneider, D.P.,
Schmidt, M., Bennett, C.L., Hewitt, J.N., Burke, B.F., Turner, E.L.,
& Gunn, J.E.,
1984, Science, 223, 46
Lehár, J., Cooke, AJ, Lawrence,
C.R., Silber, A.D., & Langston, G.I.,
1996, AJ, 111, 1812
Lehár, J., Falco, E.E., Kochanek,
C.S., McLeod, B.A, Muñoz, J.A., Impey, C.D., Rix, H.-W., Keeton,
C.R., & Peng, C.Y.,
2000, ApJ, 536, 584
Lehár, J., Buchalter, A., McMahon,
R.G., Kochanek, C.S., & Muxlow, T.W.B.,
2001, ApJ, 547, 60
Li, L.-X., & Ostriker, J.P.,
2002, ApJ, 566, 652
Li, L.-X., & Ostriker, J.P.,
2003, ApJ, 595, 603
Lidman, C., Courbin, F., Kneib, J.-P.,
Golse, G., Castandar, F., & Soucail, G.,
2000, A&A, 364, L62
Loewenstein, M., & Mushotzky,
R.F.,
2003, ApJ, submitted ??ASTROPH
Lovell, J.E.J., Jauncey, D.L.,
Reynolds, J.E., Wieringa, M.H., King, E.A., Tzioumis, A., McCulloch,
P.M., & Edwards, P.G.,
1998, ApJ, 508, L51
Ma, C.-P.,
2003, ApJL, 584, L1
Maller, A.H., Flores, R.A., &
Primack, J.R.,
1997, ApJ, 486, 681
Maller, A.H., Simard, L.,
Guhathakurta, P., Hjorth, J., Jaunsen, A.O., Flores, R.A., &
Primack, J.R.,
2000, ApJ, 533, 194
Mao, S.D.,
1991, ApJ, 380, 9
Mao, S.D., & Kochanek, C.S.,
1994, MNRAS, 268, 569
Mao, S.D., & Schneider, P.,
1998, MNRAS, 295, 587
Mao, S., Witt, H.J., & Koopmans,
L.V.E.,
2001, MNRAS, 323, 301
Mao, S., Jing, Y., Ostriker, J.P., &
Weller, J.,
2004, ApJL, 604, 5L
Maoz, D., Bahcall, J.N., Schneider, D.P.,
et al.,
1993, ApJ, 409, 28
Maoz, D., & Rix, H.-W.,
1993, ApJ, 416, 425
Maoz, D., Rix, H.-W., Gal-Yam, A., &
Gould, A.,
1997, ApJ, 486, 75
Marlow, D.R., Browne, I.W.A., Jackson,
N., & Wilkinson, P.N.,
1999, MNRAS, 305, 15
Marlow, D.R., Rusin,< D., Jackson, N.,
Wilkinson, P.N., Browne, I.W.A., & Koopmans, L.,
2000, AJ, 119, 2629
McKay, T.A., et al.,
2002, ApJ, 571, L85
McLeod, K.K., & McLeod, B.A.,
2001, ApJ, 546, 782
McLure, R.J., Kukula, M.J., Dunlop,
J.S., Baum, S.A., O'Dea, C.P., & Hughes, D.H.,
1999, MNRAS, 308, 377
Mestel, L.,
1963, MNRAS, 126, 553
Metcalf, R.B., & Madau, P.,
2001, ApJ, 563, 9
Metcalf, R.B.,
2002, ApJ, 580, 696
Metcalf, R.B., & Zhao, H.,
2002, ApJ, 567, L5
Miralda-Escude, J., &
Lehár, J.,
1992, MNRAS, 259, 31p
Mitchell, J.L., Keeton, C.R., Frieman,
J.A., & Sheth, R.K., 2004, ApJ submitted
[astro-ph/0401138]
Mo, H.J., Mao, S., & White, S.D.M.,
1998, MNRAS, 295, 319
Möller, O., Hewett, P., &
Blain, A.W.,
2003, MNRAS, 345, 1
Möller, O., & Blain, A.W.,
2001, MNRAS, 327, 339
Moore, B., et al.,
1998, ApJ, 499, L5
Moore, B.,
1999, MNRAS, 310, 1147
Moore, B.Ghigna, S., Governato, F.,
Lake, G., Quinn, T., Stadel, J., & Tozzi, P.,
1999, ApJ, 524, L19
Morgan, N.D., Chartas, G., Malm, M.,
Bautz, M.W., Burud, I., Hjorth, J., Jones, S.E., & Schechter, P.L.,
2001, ApJ, 555, 1
Morgan, N.D., Snyder, J.A., &
Reens, L.H.,
2003, AJ, 126, 2145
Mortlock, D.J., Webster, R.L., &
Francis, P.J.,
1999, MNRAS, 309, 836
Mortlock, D.J., & Webster, R.L.,
2000a, MNRAS, 319, 860
Mortlock, D.J., & Webster, R.L.,
2000b, MNRAS, 319, 872
Mortlock, D.J., & Webster, R.L.,
2000c, MNRAS, 319, 879
Mortlock, D.J., & Webster, R.L.,
2001, MNRAS, 321, 629
Motta, V., Mediavilla, E., Muñoz,
J.A., Falco, E.E., et al.,
2002, ApJ, 574, 719
Moustakas, L.A., & Metcalf, R.B.,
2003, MNRAS, 339, 607
Muñoz, J.A., Falco, E.E., Kochanek,
C.S., Lehár, J., Herold, L.K., Fletcher, A.B., & Burke, B.F.,
1998, ApJL, 492, L9
Muñoz, J.A., Kochanek, C.S., &
Falco, E.E.,
1999, ApJL, 521, L17
Muñoz, J.A., Kochanek, C.S., &
Keeton, C.R.,
2001, ApJ, 558, 657
Muñoz, J.A., Falco, E.E.,
Kochanek, C.S., Lehár, J., & Mediavilla, E.,
2003, ApJ, 594, 684
Muñoz, J.A., Falco, E.E.,
Kochanek, C.S., McLeod, B.A., & Mediavilla, E.,
2004, ApJ, 605, 614
Myers, S.T., Fassnacht, C.D., Djorgovski,
S.G., et al.,
1995, ApJL, 447, L5
Myers, S.T., Rusin, D., Fassnacht,
C.D., Blandford, R.D., Pearson, T.J., Readhead, A.C.S., Jackson, N.,
Browne, I.W.A., Marlow, D.R., Wilkinson, P.N., Koopmans, L.V.E., &
de Bruyn, A.G.,
1999, AJ, 117, 2565
Nadeau, D., Yee, H.K.C., Forrest,
W.J., Garnett, J.D., Ninkov, Z., & Pipher, J.L.,
1991, ApJ, 376, 430
Narayan, R., & White, S.D.M.,
1988, MNRAS, 231, P97
Narayan, R., & Bartelmann, M., in
Formation of Structure in the Universe, A. Dekel & J. Ostriker,
eds., (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 360
Navarro, J., Frenk, C.S., &
White, S.D.M.,
1996, ApJ, 462, 563
Ofek, E.O., Maoz, D., Prada, F., Kolatt,
T., & Rix, H.-W.,
2001, MNRAS, 324, 463
Ofek, E.O., & Maoz, D.,
2003, ApJ, 594, 101
Ofek, E.O., Rix, H.-W., & Maoz, D.,
2003, MNRAS, 343, 639
Oguri, M., & Keeton, C.R.,
2004, ApJ submitted,
astro-ph/0403633
Oguri, M., Inada, N., Keeton, C.R.,
Pindor, B., Hennawi, J.F., Gregg, M.D., Becker, R.H., et al.,
2004, ApJ, 604, 78
Ohyama, Y., et al.,
2002, AJ, 123, 2903
Olling, R.P., & Merrifield, M.,
2001, MNRAS, 311, 361
Pahre, M.A., de Carvalho, R.R., &
Djorgovski, S.G.,
1998, AJ, 116, 1606
Patnaik, A.R., & Narasimha, D.,
2001, MNRAS, 326, 1403
Pearce, F.R., Jenkins, A., Frenk, C.S.,
Colberg, J.M., White, S.D.M., Thomas, P.A., Couchman, H.M.P., Peacock,
J.A., & Efstathiou, G.,
1999, ApJ, 521, L99
Pello, R., Miralles, J.M., Le Borgne,
J.-F., Picat, J.-P., Soucail, G.., & Bruzual, G.,
1996, A&A, 314, 73
Pelt, J., Kayser, R., Refsdal, S., &
Schramm, T.,
1996, A&A, 305, 97
Peng, C.Y.,
2004, PhD Thesis, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona
Phillips, P.M., Browne, I.W.A.,
Jackson, N.J., Wilkinson, P.N., Mao, S., Rusin, D., Marlow, D.R.,
Snellen, I., & Nesser, M.,
2001, MNRAS, 328, 1001
Pindor, B., Turner, E.L., Lupton,
R.H., & Brinkmann, J.,
2003, AJ, 125, 2325
Porciani, C., & Madau, P.,
2000, ApJ, 532, 679
Press, W.H., & Gunn, J.E.,
1973, ApJ, 185, 397
Press, W.H., & Schechter, P.,
1974, ApJ, 187, 425
Press, W.H., Rybicki, G.B., & Hewitt, J.N.,
1992a, ApJ, 385, 404
Press, W.H., Rybicki, G.B., & Hewitt, J.N.,
1992b, ApJ, 385, 416
Quadri, R., Möeller, O., &
Natarajan, P.,
2003, ApJ, 597, 659
Ratnatunga, K.U., Griffiths, R.E.,
& Ostrander, E.J.,
1999, AJ, 117, 2010
Rees, M.J., & Ostriker, J.P.,
1977, MNRAS, 179, 541
Refsdal, S.,
1964, MNRAS, 128, 307
Refsdal, S., & Surdej, J.,
1994, RPPh, 57, 117
Rest, A., van den Bosch, F.C., Jaffe,
W., Tran, H., Tsvetanov, Z., Ford, H.C., Davies, J., & Schafer, J.L,
2001, AJ, 121, 2431
Ridgway, S.E., Heckman, T.M.,
Calzetti, D., & Lehnert, M.,
2001, ApJ, 550, 122
Riess, A.G., Strolger, L.-G., Tonry, J.,
Casertano, S., et al.,
2004, ApJ, 607, 665
Rix, H.-W., Maoz, D., Turner, E.L., &
Fukugita, M.,
1994, ApJ, 435, 49
Romanowsky, A.J., & Kochanek,
C.S.,
1998, ApJ, 493, 64
Romanowsky, A.J., & Kochanek,
C.S.,
1999, ApJ, 516, 18
Ros, E., Guirado, J.C., Marcaide, J.M.,
Perez-Torres, M.A., Falco, E.E., Muñoz, J.A., Alberdi, A., &
Lara, L.,
2000, A&A, 362, 845
Rusin, D., & Ma, C.-P.,
2001, ApJ, 549, L33
Rusin, D., Kochanek, C.S., Norbury, M.,
et al.,
2001, ApJ, 557, 594
Rusin, D., & Tegmark, M.,
2001, ApJ, 553, 709
Rusin, D., et al.,
2002, MNRAS, 330, 205
Rusin, D.,
2002, ApJ, 572, 705
Rusin, D., Kochanek, C.S., Falco, E.E.,
Keeton, C.R., McLeod, B.A., Impey, C.D., Lehár, J., Munoz, J.A.,
Peng, C.Y., & Rix, H.-W.,
2003, ApJ, 587, 143
Rusin, D., Kochanek, C.S., & Keeton,
C.R.,
2003, ApJ, 595, 29
Rusin, D., & Kochanek, C.S.,
2004, ApJ submitted
Saha, P., & Williams, L.R.L.,
1997, MNRAS, 292, 148
Saha, P.,
2000, AJ, 120, 1654
Saha, P., & Williams, L.L.R.,
2001, AJ, 122, 585
Saha, P.,
2004, A&A, 414, 425
Saha, P., & Williams, L.L.R., 2004, AJ
in press,
astro-ph/0402135
Sand, D.J., Treu, T., & Ellis, R.S.,
2002, ApJL, 574, L129
Sand, D.J., Treu, T., Smith, G.P., &
Ellis, R.S.,
2003, astro-ph/0310703
Schechter, P.,
1976, ApJ 203, 297
Schechter, P.L., & Moore, C.B.,
1993, AJ, 105, 1
Schechter, P.L., Bailyn, C.D., Barr,
R., et al.,
1997, ApJL, 475, L85
Schechter, P.L., & Wambsganss,
J.,
2002, ApJ, 580, 685
Schechter, P.L., Udalski, A.,
Szymanski, M., Kubiak, M., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Wozniak, P.,
Zebrun, K., Szewczyk, O., & Wyrzykowki, L.,
2003, ApJ, 584, 657
Schild, R.E., & Cholfin, B.,
1986, ApJ, 300, 209
Schild, R.E., & Thomson, D.J.,
1995, AJ, 109, 1970
Schild, R.E., & Thomson, D.J.,
1997, AJ, 113, 130
Schneider, P., Ehlers, J., & Falco, E.E.,
1992, Gravitational Lenses, (Berlin: Springer-Verlag)
Scodeggio, M., Giovanelli, R.,
& Haynes, M.P.,
1998, ApJ, 116, 2738
Sersic, J.-L.,
1968, Atlas de Galaxias Australes (Cordoba:
Obs. Astron.)
Sheth, R.K., & Tormen, G.,
1999, MNRAS 308, 119
Sheth, R.K., Bernardi, M., Schechter,
P.L., et al.,
2003, ApJ, 594, 225
Sluse, D., Surdej, J., Claeskens, J.-F.,
Hutsemekers, D., Jean, C., Courbin, F., Nakos, T., Billeres, M., &
Khmil, S.V.,
2003, A&A, 406, L43
Small, T.A., Sargent, W.L.W., &
Steidel, C.C.,
1997, AJ, 114, 2254
Soucail, G., Kneib, J.-P., &
Golse, G.,
2004, A&A, 417, 33
Spergel, D., & Steinhardt, P.,
2000, PRL, 84, 3760
Spergel, D.N., Verde, L., Peiris,
H.V., et al.,
2003, ApJS, 148, 175
Surdej, J., Claeskens, J.F.,
Crampton, D., et al.,
1993, AJ, 105, 2064
Sykes, C.M., Browne, I.W.A., Jackson,
N.J., Marlow, D.R., Nair, S., Wilkinson, P.N., Blandford, R.D., Cohen,
J., Fassnacht, C.D., Hogg, D., Pearson, T.J., Readhead, A.C.S., Womble,
D.S., Myers, S.T., de Bruyn, A.G., Bremer, M., Miley, G.K., &
Schilizzi, R.T.,
1998, MNRAS, 301, 310
Toft, S., Hjorth, J., Burud, I.,
2000, A&A, 357, 115
Tonry, J.L.,
1998, AJ, 115, 1
Tonry, J.L., & Franx, M.,
1999, ApJ, 515, 512
Treu, T., Stiavelli, M., Bertin, G.,
Casertano, S., & Moller, P.,
2001, MNRAS, 326, 327
Treu, T., Stiavelli, M., Casertano, S.,
Moller, P., & Bertin, G.,
2002, ApJL, 564, L13
Treu, T., & Koopmans, L.V.E.,
2002a, MNRAS, 337, P6
Treu, T., & Koopmans, L.V.E.,
2002b, ApJ, 575, 87
Treu, T., & Koopmans, L.V.E.,
2004, ApJ submitted,
astro-ph/0401373
Trott, C.M., & Webster, R.L.,
2002, MNRAS, 334, 621
Trotter, C.S., Winn, J.N., &
Hewitt, J.N.,
2000, ApJ, 535, 671
Tully, R.B., & Fisher, B.,
1977, A&A, 54, 661
Turner, C.M., Keeton, C.R., &
Kochanek, C.S.,
2004, in preparation
Turner, E.L.,
1980, ApJL, 242, L135
Turner, E.L., Ostriker, J.P., & Gott
J.R.,
1984, ApJ, 284, 1
Vanderriest, C., Schneider, J.,
Herpe, G., Chevreton, M., Moles, M., & Wlerick, G.,
1989, A&A, 215, 1
van de Ven, G., van Dokkum, P.G.,
& Franx, M.,
2003, MNRAS, 344, 924
van Dokkum, P.G., & Franx,
1996, MNRAS, 281, 985
van Dokkum, P.G., Franx, M.,
Fabricant, D., Illingworth, G.D.,& Kelson, D.D.,
2000, ApJL, 541, 95
van Dokkum, P.G., & Franx, M.,
2001, ApJ, 553, 90
van Dokkum, P.G., Franx, Kelson,
D.D., & Illingworth, G.D.,
2001, ApJL, 553, L39
van Dokkum, P.G., & Ellis, R.S.,
2003, ApJL, 592, L53
van der Marel, R.P., &
Franx, M.,
1993, ApJ, 407, 525
Vestergaard, M.,
2004, ApJ, 601, 676
Wallington, S., & Narayan, R.,
1993, ApJ, 403, 517
Wallington, S., Kochanek, C.S.,
& Koo, D.C.,
1995, ApJ, 441, 58
Wallington, S., Kochanek, C.S.,
& Narayan, R.,
1996, ApJ, 465, 64
Walsh, D., Carswell, R.F., &
Weymann, R.J.,
1979, Nature, 279, 381
Wambsganss, J., & Paczynski, B.,
1994, AJ, 108, 1156
Wambsganss, J., Cen, R., Ostriker,
J.P., & Turner, E.L.,
1995, Science, 268, 274
Wambsganss, J., Cen, R., &
Ostriker, J.P.,
1998, ApJ, 494, 29
Wambsganss, J.,
1998, LRR, 1, 12
Warren, M.S., Quinn, P.J., Salmon,
J.K., & Zurek, W.H.,
1992, ApJ, 399, 405
Warren, S.J., Hewett, P.C., Lewis,
G.F., Moller, P., Iovino, A., & Shaver, P.A.,
1996, MNRAS, 278, 139
Warren, S.J., & Dye, S.,
2003, ApJ, 590, 673
Weedman, D.W., Weymann, R.J., Green,
R.F., & Heckman, T.M.,
1982, ApJL, 255, L5
Weymann, R.J., Latham, D., Roger, J.,
Angel, P., Green, R.F., Liebert, J., Turnshek, D.A., Turnshek, D.E.,
& Tyson, J.A.,
1980, Nature, 285, 641
White, M., Hernquist, L., & Springel,
V.,
2001, astro-ph/0107023
Wiklind, T., & Combes, F.,
1996, Nature, 379, 139
Wiklind, T., & Alloin, D., 2002,
in
Gravitational Lensing: An Astrophysical Tool,
F. Courbin & D. Minniti, eds., Lecture Notes in Physics, 608, 124
Wilkinson, P.N., Henstock, D.R.,
Browne, I.W.A., Readhead, A.C.S., Pearson, T.J., Taylor, G.B., &
Vermeulen, R.C., 2001, in
Gravitational Lensing: Recent Progress Future Goals
(ASP #237),
T.G. Brainerd & C.S. Kochanek, eds., (San Francisco: ASP0 37
Williams, L.L.R., & Saha, P.,
2000, AJ, 119, 439
Winn, J.N., Hewitt, J.N., &
Schechter, P.L.,
2001, Gravitational Lensing: Recent Progress and Future
Goals, eds., T.G. Brainerd & C.S. Kochanek (San Francisco: ASP) 61
Winn, J.N., et al.,
2002a, AJ, 123, 10
Winn, J.N., Kochanek, C.S., McLeod,
B.A., Falco, E.E., Impey, C.D., & Rix, H.-W.,
2002b, ApJ, 575, 103
Winn, J.N., Lovell, J.E.J., Chen, H.,
Fletcher, A., Hewitt, J.N., Patnaik, A.R., & Schechter, P.L.,
2002c, ApJ, 564, 143
Winn, J.N., Rusin, D., & Kochanek,
C.S.,
2003, ApJ, 587, 80
Winn, J.N., Kochanek, C.S., Keeton, C.R.,
& Lovell, J.E.J.,
2003, ApJ, 590, 26
Winn, J.N., Hall, P.B., & Schechter,
P.L.,
2003, ApJ, 597, 672
Winn, J.N., Rusin, D.S., & Kochanek,
C.S.,
2004, Nature, 427, 613
Wisotzki, L., Kohler, T., Kayser, R.,
& Reimers, D.,
1993, A&A, 278, L15
Wisotzki, L., Schechter, P.L., Bradt,
H.V., Heinmuller, J., & Reimers, D.,
2002, A&A, 395, 17
Witt, A.N.., Thronson, H.A., &
Capuano, J.M.,
1992, ApJ, 393, 611
Witt, H.J., & Mao, S.,
2000, MNRAS, 311, 689
Witt, H.J, Mao, S., & Keeton, C.R.,
2000, ApJ, 544, 98
Wucknitz, O.,
2002, MNRAS, 332, 951
Wucknitz, O.,
2004, MNRAS, 349, 1
Wucknitz, O., Biggs, A.D., &
Browne, I.W.A.,
2004, MNRAS, 349, 14
Wyithe, J.S.B., Turner, E.L., &
Spergel, D.N.,
2001, ApJ, 555, 504
Wyithe, J.S.B., Winn, J.N., &
Rusin, D.,
2003, ApJ, 583, 58
Wyithe, J.S.B.,
2004, MNRAS in press
Wyrzykowski, L., Udalski, A.,
Schechter, P.L., Szewczyk, O., Szymanski, M., Kubiak, M., Piertrzynski,
G., Soszynski, I., & Zebrun, K.,
2003, AcA, 53, 229
Yee, H.K.C., Fillipenko, A.V., & Tang, D.,
1993, AJ, 105, 7
York, T., Jackson, N., Browne, I.W.A.,
Wucknitz, O., & Skelton, J.E., 2004, MNRAS submitted
[astro-ph/0405115]
Zaritsky, D., & Rix, H.-W.,
1997, AJ, 477, 118
Zentner, A.R., & Bullock, J.S.,
2003, ApJ, 598, 49
Zhao, H.,
1997, MNRAS, 287, 525
Zhao, H., & Pronk, D.,
2001, MNRAS, 320, 401