Contents Previous

REFERENCES

  1. Abazajian, K. N., & Kaplinghat, M. 2012, Detection of a gamma-ray source in the Galactic Center consistent with extended emission from dark matter annihilation and concentrated astrophysical emission, Physical Review D, 86, 083511, 10.1103.

  2. Abazajian, K. N., Arnold, K., Austermann, J., Benson, C., Bischoff, J., Bock, J., Bond, J. R.,, Borrill, E., Calabrese, E., Carlstrom, J. E. et al. 2015, Neutrino Physics from the Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure, Astropart. Phys. 63, 66-80.

  3. Abdo, A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B. et al. 2010, Constraints on Cosmological Dark Matter Annihilation from the Fermi-LAT Isotropic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Measurement, J. Cosmo. & Astroparticle Phys. 1004, 014, doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2010/04/014.

  4. Abramowski, A., Acero, F., Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A. G., Anton, G., Balenderan, S., Balzer, A., Barnacka, A., Becherini, Y., Becker T. 2013, Measurement of the extragalactic background light imprint on the spectra of the brightest blazars observed with H.E.S.S, Astron. & Astrophys. 550, 4, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220355.

  5. Acharya, B., Actis, M., Aghajani, T., Agnetta, G., Aguilar, J. et al. 2013, Introducing the CTA concept, Astropart.Phys. 43, 18. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.01.007.

  6. Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Schady, P., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D. et al. 2012a, The Imprint of The Extragalactic Background Light in the Gamma-Ray Spectra of Blazars, Science 338, 1190-1192, doi:10.1126/science.1227160.

  7. Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R. et al. 2015, The spectrum of isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission between 100 MeV and 820 GeV, Astrophys. J. 799, 86, 10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/86.

  8. Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bloom, E. D. et al., 2012b, Anisotropies in the diffuse gamma-ray background measured by the Fermi LAT, Phys. Rev. D85, 083007, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.85.083007.

  9. Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G. et al. 2011, Planck early results. XVIII. The power spectrum of cosmic infrared background anisotropies, Astron. & Astrophys. 536, A18, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116461.

  10. Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Armitage-Caplan, C., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B. et al. 2013a, Planck 2013 results. XXX. Cosmic infrared background measurements and implications for star formation, Astron. & Astrophys. 571, A30, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322093.

  11. Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Armitage-Caplan, C., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B. et al. 2013b, Planck 2013 results. XVIII. The gravitational lensing-infrared background correlation, Astron. & Astrophys. 571, A18, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321540.

  12. Ade, P. A. R., Akiba, Y., Anthony, A. E., Arnold, K., Atlas, M., Barron, D., Boettger, D., Borrill, J., Borys, C., Chapman, S. et al. 2014, Evidence for Gravitational Lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization from Cross-Correlation with the Cosmic Infrared Background, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 131302, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.131302.

  13. Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Bartolo, N. [Planck Collaboration] et al. 2015a, Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters, preprint arXiv:1502.01589.

  14. Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Bartolo, N. [Planck Collaboration] et al. 2015b, Planck 2015 results. XV. Gravitational lensing, preprint, arXiv.org:1502.01591.

  15. Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A. G., Bazer-Bachi, A. R., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Boisson, C., Bolz, O., Borrel, V. et al. 2006, A low level of extragalactic background light as revealed by γ-rays from blazars, Nature, 440, 1018-1021, doi:10.1038/nature04680.

  16. Ajello, M., Greiner, J., Sato, G., Willis, D. R., Kanbach, G., Strong, A. W., Diehl, R., Hasinger, G., Gehrels, N., Markwardt, C. B. et al. 2008, Cosmic X-ray background and Earth albedo Spectra with Swift/BAT, Astrophys. J. 689, 666, doi:10.1086/592595.

  17. Amblard, A. & Cooray, A. 2007, Anisotropy Studies of the Unresolved Far-Infrared Background, Astrophys. J. 670, 903-911, doi:10.1086/522688.

  18. Amblard, A., Cooray, A., Serra, P., Altieri, B., Arumugam, V., Aussel, H., Blain, A., Bock, J., Boselli, A., Buat, V. et al. 2011, Submillimetre galaxies reside in dark matter haloes with masses greater than 3 × 1011 solar masses, Nature, 470, 510-512, doi:10.1038/nature09771.

  19. Ando, S. & Ishiwata, K. 2015, Constraints on decaying dark matter from the extragalactic gamma-ray background, J. Cosmo. & Astroparticle Phys., 05, 024, doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2015/05/024.

  20. Bartels, R., Krishnamurthy, S. & Weniger, C. 2015, Strong support for the millisecond pulsar origin of the Galactic center GeV excess, preprint, arXiv.org:1506.05104.

  21. Bernstein, R. A. 2007, The Optical Extragalactic Background Light: Revisions and Further Comments, Astrophys. J. 666, 663-673, doi:10.1086/519824.

  22. Bernstein, R. A., Freedman, W. L., Madore, B. F. 2002, The First Detections of the Extragalactic Background Light at 3000, 5500, and 8000A. I. Results, Astrophys. J., 571, 56-84, doi:10.1086/339422.

  23. Berta, S., Magnelli, B., Lutz, D., Altieri, B., Aussel, H., Andreani, P., Bauer, O., Bongiovanni, A., Cava, A., Cepa, J. et al. 2010, Dissecting the cosmic infra-red background with Herschel/PEP, Astron. & Astrophys. 518, L30, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014610.

  24. Bertone, G., Hooper, D. & Silk, J. 2005, Particle dark matter: Evidence, candidates and constraints, Phys. Rept. 405, 279-390, doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2004.08.031.

  25. Bertone, G., Buchmuller, W., Covi, L. & Ibarra, A. 2007, Gamma-Rays from Decaying Dark Matter, J. Cosmo. & Astroparticle Phys. 0711, 003, doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2007/11/003.

  26. Béthermin, M., Le Floc'h, E., Ilbert, O., Conley, A., Lagache, G., Amblard, A., Arumugam, V., Aussel, H., Berta, S., Bock, J. et al. 2012, HerMES: deep number counts at 250 µm, 350 µm and 500 µm in the COSMOS and GOODS-N fields and the build-up of the cosmic infrared background, Astron. & Astrophys. 542, A58, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118698.

  27. Brown, T., Kimble, R. A., Ferguson, H. C., Gardner, J. P., Collins, N. R. & Hill, R. S. 2000, Measurements of the Diffuse Ultraviolet Background and the Terrestrial Airglow with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. Astrophys. J., 120, 1153-1159, doi:10.1086/301468.

  28. Burns, J. O., Lazio, J., Bale, S., Bowman, J., Bradley, R., Carilli, C., Furlanetto, S., Harker, G., Loeb, A. & Pritchard, J. 2012, Probing the first stars and black holes in the early Universe with the Dark Ages Radio Explorer (DARE), Adv. in Space Research, 49, 433-450, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2011.10.014.

  29. Cambresy, L., Reach, W. T., Becihman, C. A. & Jarrett, T. H. 2001, The Cosmic Infrared Background at 1.25 and 2.2 Microns Using DIRBE and 2MASS: A Contribution Not Due to Galaxies?, Astroph. J., 555, 563-571, doi:10.1086/321470.

  30. Camera, S., Fornasa, M., Fornengo, N., Regis, M. 2013, A Novel Approach in the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle Quest: Cross-correlation of Gamma-Ray Anisotropies and Cosmic Shear, Astrophys. J. 771, L5, doi:10.1088/2041-8205/771/1/L5.

  31. Cappelluti, N., Kashlinsky, A., Arendt, R. G., Comastri, A., Fazio, G. G., Finoguenov, A., Hasinger, G., Mather, J. C., Miyaji, T., Moseley, S. H. 2013, Cross-correlating Cosmic Infrared and X-Ray Background Fluctuations: Evidence of Significant Black Hole Populations among the CIB Sources, Astrophys. J. 769, 68, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/769/1/68.

  32. Casey, C. M., Narayanan, D. & Cooray, A. 2014, Dusty star-forming galaxies at high redshift, 2014, Phys. Reports, 541, 45, doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2014.02.009.

  33. Cen, R. & Ostriker. J. P. 1999, Where are the baryons?, Astrophys. J. 514, 1-6.

  34. Chluba, J. 2014, Science with CMB spectral distortions, Proceedings of the XLIXth RENCONTRES DE MORIOND, preprint arXiv.org:1405.6938.

  35. Churazov, E., R. Sunyaev, R., Revnivtsev, M., Sazonov, S., Molkov, S., Grebenev, S., Winkler, C., Parmar, A., Bazzano, A., Falanga, M. et al. 2007, INTEGRAL observations of the cosmic X-ray background in the 5-100 keV range via occultation by the Earth, Astron. & Astrophys. 467, 529, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066230.

  36. Condon, J. J., Cotton, W. D., Fomalont, E. B., Kellermann, K. I., Miller, N., Perley, R. A., Scott, D., Vernstrom, T. & Wall, J. V. 2012, Resolving the Radio Source Background: Deeper Understanding through Confusion, Astrophys. J. 758, 23, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/758/1/23.

  37. Cooray, A. & Sheth, R. 2002, Halo models of large scale structure, Phys. Reports, 372, 1-129, doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(02)00276-4.

  38. Cooray, A. & Yoshida, N. 2004, First sources in infrared light: stars, supernovae and miniquasars, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc. 351, L71-L77, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08047.x.

  39. Cooray, A., Amblard, A., Becihman, C., Benford, D., Bernstein, R., Bock, J. J., Brodwin, M., Bromm, V., Cen, R., Chary, R. R. et al. 2009, A New Era in Extragalactic Background Light Measurements: The Cosmic History of Accretion, Nucleosynthesis and Reionization, Astro2010: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey, Science White Papers, no. 54.

  40. Cooray, A., Smidt, J., de Bernardis, F., Gong, Y., Stern, D., Ashby, M. L. N., Eisenhardt, P. R., Frazer, C. C., Gonzalez, A. H., Kochanek, C. S. et al. 2012, Near-infrared background anisotropies from diffuse intrahalo light of galaxies, Nature, 490, 514-516, doi:10.1038/nature11474.

  41. De Bernardis, F. & Cooray. A. 2012, A Conditional Luminosity Function Model of the Cosmic Far-infrared Background Anisotropy Power Spectrum, Astrophys. J. 760, 14, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/14.

  42. Dominguez, A., Primack, J., Rosario, D., Prada, F., Gilmore, R. et al. 2011, Extragalactic Background Light Inferred from AEGIS Galaxy SED-type Fractions, Mon.Not.Ray.Astron.Soc. 410, 2556-2578.

  43. Dole, H., Le Floc'h, E., Pérez-González, P. G., Papovich, C., Egami, E., Lagache, G., Alonso-Herrero, A., Engelbracht, C. W., Gordon, K. D., Hines, D. C. et al. 2004, Far-infrared Source Counts at 70 and 160 Microns in Spitzer Deep Surveys, Astroph. J. Supp. 154, 87-92, doi:10.1086/422472.

  44. Dole, H., Lagache, G., Puget, J.-L., Caputi, K. I., Fernández-Conde, N., Le Floc'h, E., Papovich, C., Pérez-González, P. G., Rieke, G. H. & Baylock, M. 2006, The cosmic infrared background resolved by Spitzer: Contributions of mid-infrared galaxies to the far-infrared background, Astron. & Astroph. 451, 417-426, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054446.

  45. Doré, O., Bock, J., Ashby, M., Capak, P., Cooray, A., de Putter, R., Eifler, T., Flagey, N., Gong, Y., Habib, S. et al. 2014, Cosmology with the SPHEREX All-Sky Spectral Survey, preprint, arXiv.org:1412.4872.

  46. Drlica-Wagner, A., Albert, A., Bechtol, K., Wood, M., Strigari, L., Sanchez-Conde, M., Baldini, L., Essig, J., Cohen-Tanugi, B., Anderson, R. 2015, Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from DES Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Candidates with Fermi-LAT Data, Astrophys. J., 809, L4, doi:10.1088/2041-8205/809/1/L4.

  47. Durrer, R. 2015, The cosmic microwave background: the history of its experimental investigation and its significance for cosmology, Classical and Quantum Gravity, 12, 124007, doi:10.1088/0264-9381/32/12/124007.

  48. Dwek, E., & Krennrich, F. 2013, The extragalactic background light and the gamma-ray opacity of the universe, Astroparticle Physics, 43, 112, doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2012.09.003.

  49. Edelstein, J., Bowyer, S. & Lampton, M. 2000, Reanalysis of Voyager Ultraviolet Spectrometer Limits to the Extreme-Ultraviolet and Far-Ultraviolet Diffuse Astronomical Flux, Astrophys. J. 539, 187-190, doi:10.1086/309192.

  50. Elbaz, D., Cesarsky, C. J., Fadda, D., Aussel, H., Désert, F. X., Franceschini, A., Flores, H., Harwit, M., Puget, J. L., Starck, J. L. et al. 1999, Source counts from the 15 µm ISOCAM Deep Surveys, Astron. & Astrophys. 351, L37-L40.

  51. Fazio, G. G., Ashby, M. L. N., Barmby, P., Hora, J. L., Huang, J.-S., Pahre, M. A., Wang, Z., Willner, S. P., Arendt, R. G., Moseley, S. H. et al. 2004, Number Counts at 3 µm < λ < 10 µm from the Spitzer Space Telescope, Astrophys. J. Supp. 154, 39-43, doi:10.1086/422585.

  52. Fermi-LAT Collaboration 2015, Resolving the Extragalactic γ-ray Background above 50 GeV with Fermi-LAT, arXiv.org:1511.00693.

  53. Fernandez, E. & Komatsu, E. 2006, The Cosmic Near-Infrared Background: Remnant Light from Early Stars, Astroph. J., 646, 703-718, doi:10.1086/505126.

  54. Fichtel, C. E., Simpson, G. A., Thompson, D. J. 1978, Diffuse gamma radiation, Astrophys. J. 222, 883-849, doi:10.1086/156202.

  55. Fixsen, D. J., Cheng, E. S., Gales, J. M., Mather, J. C., Shafer, R. A. & Wright, E. L. 1996, The Cosmic Microwave Background Spectrum from the Full COBE FIRAS Data Set, Astrophys. J. 473, 576, doi:10.1086/178173.

  56. Fixsen, D. J., Dwek, E., Mather, J. C., Bennett, C. L. & Shafer, R. A. 1998, The Spectrum of the Extragalactic Far-Infrared Background from the COBE FIRAS Observations, Astrophys. J. 508, 123, doi:10.1086/306383

  57. Fixsen, D. J. 2009, The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background, Astrophys. J. 707, 916, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/916.

  58. Fornasa, M. & Sánchez-Conde, M. A. 2015, The nature of the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Background, preprint, arXiv:1502.02866.

  59. Fornengo, N., Lineros, R., Regis, M. & Taoso, M. 2011, Possibility of a Dark Matter Interpretation for the Excess in Isotropic Radio Emission Reported by ARCADE, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 27, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.271302.

  60. Fornengo, N., Perotto, L., Regis, M., Camera, S. 2015, Evidence of Cross-correlation between the CMB Lensing and the Gamma-Ray Sky, Astrophys. J. 802, L1, doi:10.1088/2041-8205/802/1/L1.

  61. Fukada, Y., Hayakawa, S., Ikeda, M., Kasahara, I., Makino, F., Tanaka, Y. 1975, Rocket observation of energy spectrum of diffuse hard X-rays, Astrophysics and Space Science 32, L1-L5, doi:10.1007/BF00646232.

  62. Furlanetto, S. R. 2006, The global 21-centimeter background from high redshifts, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc. 371, 867-878.

  63. Gardner, J. P., Brown, T. M. & Ferguson, H. C. 2000, Ultraviolet Galaxy Counts from Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Observations of the Hubble Deep Fields, Astrophys. J. 542, L79-L82, doi:10.1086/312930.

  64. Garmire, G. P., Nousek, J. A., Apparao, K. M. W., Burrows, D. N., Fink, R. L., Kraft, R. P. 1992, The soft X-ray diffuse background observed with the HEAO 1 low-energy detectors, Astrophys. J. 399, 694-703, doi:10.1086/171962

  65. Gendreau, K. C., Mushotzky, R., Fabian, A. C., Holt, S. S., Kii, T., Serlemitsos, P. J. et al. 1995, ASCA Observations of the Spectrum of the X-Ray Background, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 47, L5-L9.

  66. Geringer-Sameth, A., Walker, M. G., Koushiappas, S. M., Kopsov, S. E., Belokurov, V., Torrealba, G., Evans, N. W. 2015, Indication of Gamma-Ray Emission from the Newly Discovered Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum II, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 081101, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.081101.

  67. Gilli, R., Comastri, A., Hasinger, G. 2007, The synthesis of the cosmic X-ray background in the Chandra and XMM-Newton era, Astron. & Astrophys., 463, 79-96.

  68. Gilmore, R., Somerville, R., Primack, J. & Dominguez, A. 2012, Semi-analytic modeling of the EBL and consequences for extragalactic gamma-ray spectra, Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc. 422, 3189, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20841.x.

  69. Glenn, J., Conley, A., Béthermin, M., Altieri, B., Amblard, A., Arumugam, V., Aussel, H., Babbedge, T., Blain, A., Bock, J. et al. 2010 HerMES: deep galaxy number counts from a P(D) fluctuation analysis of SPIRE Science Demonstration Phase observations, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc. 409, 109-121, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17781.x.

  70. Gong, Y. & Cooray, A. 2013, The Extragalactic Background Light from the Measurements of the Attenuation of High-energy Gamma-Ray Spectrum, Astrophys. J. 772, L12, doi:10.1088/2041-8205/772/1/L12.

  71. Gorjian, V., Wright, E. L. & Chary, R. R. 2000, Tentative Detection of the Cosmic Infrared Background at 2.2 and 3.5 Microns Using Ground-based and Space-based Observations, Astrophy. J., 536, 550-560, doi:10.1086/308974.

  72. Haiman, Z. & Knox, L. 2000, Correlations in the Far-Infrared Background, Astrophys. J. 530, 124-132, doi:10.1086/308374.

  73. Hanner, M. S., Weinberg, J. L., DeShields, L. M., II, Green, B. A. & Toller, G. N. 1974, Zodiacal light and the asteroid belt: The view from Pioneer 10, J. Geophys. Research 79, 3671, doi:10.1029/JA079i025p03671.

  74. Hanson, D., Hoover, S., Crites, A., Ade, P. A. R., Aird, K. A., Austermann, J. E., Beall, J. A., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E. et al. 2013, Detection of B-Mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 141301, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301.

  75. Harrison, F. A., Craig, W. W., Christensen, F. E., Hailey, C. J., Zhang, W. W., Boggs, S. E., Stern, D., Cook, W. R., Forster, K., Giommi, P. et al. 2013, The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuStar) High-energy X-ray Mission, Astrophys. J. 770, 103, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/103.

  76. Harrison, F. A., Aird, J., Civano, F. et al. 2015, The NuSTAR Extragalactic Surveys: The Number Counts of Active Galactic Nuclei and the Resolved Fraction of the Cosmic X-ray Background, preprint, arXiv.org:1511.04183.

  77. Hauser, M. G. & Dwek, E. 2001, The Cosmic Infrared Background: Measurements and Implications, Ann. Rev. Astron. & Astroph. 39, 249-307, doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.39.1.249.

  78. Hauser, M. G., Arendt, R. G., Kelsall, T., Dwek, N., Odegard, J. L., Weiland, H. T., Freudenreich, H. T., Reach, W. T., Silverberg, R. F., Moseley, S. H., et al. The COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment Search for the Cosmic Infrared Background. I. Limits and Detections, Astrophys. J. 508, 25, doi:10.1086/306379.

  79. Holder, G. 2014, The Unusual Smoothness of the Extragalactic Unresolved Radio Background, Astrophys. J. 780, 112, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/112.

  80. Hooper, D. & Linden, T. 2015, On The Gamma-Ray Emission From Reticulum II and Other Dwarf Galaxies, J. Cosmo & Astroparticle Phys. 09, 016, doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2015/09/016.

  81. Ibarra, A. & Tran, D. 2008, Gamma-ray Spectrum from Gravitino Dark Matter Decay, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 061301, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.061301.

  82. Kamionkowski, M., Spergel, D. N. & Sugiyama, N. 2004, Small-scale cosmic microwave background anisotropies as probe of the geometry of the universe, Astrophys. J. 426, L57-L60, doi:10.1086/187339.

  83. Kamionkowski, M., Kosowsky, A. & Stebbins, A. 1997, A Probe of Primordial Gravity Waves and Vorticity, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2058-2061, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.2058.

  84. Kashlinsky, A., Arendt, R. G., Mather, J. & Moseley, H. 2005, Tracing the first stars with fluctuations of the cosmic infrared background, Nature, 438, 45-50, doi:10.1038/nature04143.

  85. Kashlinsky, A., Arendt, R. G., Ashby, M. L. N., Fazio, G. G., Mather, J. & Moseley, S. H. 2012, New Measurements of the Cosmic Infrared Background Fluctuations in Deep Spitzer/IRAC Survey Data and Their Cosmological Implications, Astrophy. J. 753, 63, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/753/1/63.

  86. Kelsall, T., Weiland, J. L., Franz, B. A., Reach, W. T., Arendt, R. G., Dwek, E., Freudenreich, H. T., Hauser, M. G., Moseley, S. H., Odegard, N. P. et al. 1998, The COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment Search for the Cosmic Infrared Background. II. Model of the Interplanetary Dust Cloud, Astrophys. J. 508, 44-73, doi:10.1086/306380.

  87. Knox, L., Cooray, A., Eisenstein, D. & Haiman, Z. 2001, Probing Early Structure Formation with Far-Infrared Background Correlations, Astrophys. J. 550, 7-20, doi:10.1086/319732.

  88. Kogut, A., Fixsen, D. J., Levin, S. M., Limon, M., Lubin, P. M., Mirel, P., Seiffert, M., Singal, J., Villela, T., Wollack, E. & Wuensche, C. A. et al. 2011, ARCADE 2 Observations of Galactic Radio Emission, Astrophys. J. 734, 4, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/734/1/4.

  89. Kogut, A., Chuss, D. T., Dotson, J., Dwek, E., Fixsen, D. J., Halpern, M., Hinshaw, G. F., Meyer, S., Moseley, S. H., Seiffert, M. D. et al. 2014, The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE), Proceedings of the SPIE, 9143, 91431E, doi:10.1117/12.2056840.

  90. Komatsu, E., Bennett, C., Barnes, C., Bean, R., Dore, O., Dunkley, J., Gold, B., Greason, M. R. et al. 2014, results from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 2014, 06B10224, doi:10.1093/ptep/ptu083.

  91. Krumpe, M., Miyaji, T., Brunner, H., Hanami, H., Ishigaki, T., Takagi, T., Markowitz, A. G., Goto, T., Malkan, M. A., Matsuhara, H. et al. 2015, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc. 446, 911-931, doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2010.

  92. Lagache, G., Haffner, L.M., Reynolds, R. J. & Tufte, S. L. 2000, Evidence for dust emission in the Warm Ionised Medium sing WHAM data, Astro. & Astrophys. 354, 247-252.

  93. Lagache, G. & Puget, J.-L. 2000, Detection of the extra-Galactic background fluctuations at 170 µm, Astron. & Astrophys. 355, 17-22.

  94. Lagache, G., Bavouzet, N., Fernandez-Conde, N., Ponthieu, N., Rodet, T., Dole, H., Miville-Deschênes, M.-A. & Puget, J.-L. 2007, Correlated Anisotropies in the Cosmic Far-Infrared Background Detected by the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer: Constraint on the Bias, Astrophys. J. 665, L89-L92, doi:10.1086/521301.

  95. Levenson, L., Wright, E. & Johnson, B. D. 2007, DIRBE Minus 2MASS: Confirming the CIRB in 40 New Regions at 2.2 and 3.5 µm, Astrophys. J., 666, 34-44, doi:10.1086/520112.

  96. Levenson. L. & Wright, E. L. 2008, Probing the 3.6 µm CIRB with Spitzer in Three DIRBE Dark Spots, Astrophys. J. 683, 585-596, doi:10.1086/589808.

  97. Lewis, A. & Challinor, A. 2006, Weak gravitational lensing of the CMB, Phys. Reports, 429, 1-65, doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2006.03.002.

  98. Lieu, R., Mittaz, J.P.D., Bowyer, S., Breen, J.O., Lockman, F.J., Murphy, E.M. & Hwang, C. -Y. 1996b, Science, 274, 1335.

  99. Madau, P. & Pozzetti, L. 2000, Deep galaxy counts, extragalactic background light and the stellar baryon budget, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc. 312, L9-L15, doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03268.x.

  100. Marshall, F. E., Boldt, E. A., Holt, S. S., Miller, R. B., Mushotzky, R. F., Rose, L. A., Rothschild, R. E. & Serlemitsos, P. J. 1980, The diffuse X-ray background spectrum from 3 to 50 keV, Astrophys. J. 235, 4-10, doi:10.1086/157601.

  101. Mather, J. C., Cheng, E. S., Cottingham, D. A., Eplee, R. E., Jr., Fixsen, D. J., Hewagama, T., Isaacman, R. B., Jensen, K. A., Meyer, S. S., Noerdlinger, P. D. et al. 1994, Measurement of the cosmic microwave background spectrum by the COBE FIRAS instrument, Astrophys. J. 420, 439-444, doi:10.1086/173574.

  102. Matsuhara, H., Kawara, K., Sato, Y., Taniguchi, Y., Okuda, H., Matsumoto, T., Sofue, Y., Wakamatsu, K., Cowie, L. L., Joseph, R. D. & Sanders, D. B. 2000, ISO deep far-infrared survey in the “Lockman Hole”. II. Power spectrum analysis: evidence of a strong evolution in number counts, Astron. & Astrophys. 361, 407-414.

  103. Mattila, K. 2003, Has the Optical Extragalactic Background Light Been Detected?, Astrophys. J. 591, 119-124, doi:10.1086/375182.

  104. Mattila, K. 2006, The 1-µm discontinuity in the extragalactic background light spectrum: an artefact of foreground subtraction, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc., 372, 1253-1258, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10934.x.

  105. Matsumoto, T., Matsuura, S., Murakami, H., Tanaka, M., Freund, M., Lim, M., Cohen, M., Kawada, M. & Noda, M. 2005, Infrared Telescope in Space Observations of the Near-Infrared Extragalactic Background Light, Astrophys. J. 626, 31-43, doi:10.1086/429383.

  106. Matsumoto, T., Seo, H. J., Jeong, W.-S., Lee, H. M., Matsuura, S., Matsuhara, H., Oyabu, S., Pyo, J. & Wada, T. 2011, AKARI Observation of the Fluctuation of the Near-infrared Background, Astrophys. J. 742, 124, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/124.

  107. Matsuura, S., Shirahata, M., Kawada, M., Takeuchi, T. T., Burgarella, D., Clements, D. L., Jeong, W.-S., Hanami, H., Khan, S. A., Matsuhara, H. et al. 2011, Detection of the Cosmic Far-infrared Background in AKARI Deep Field South, Astrophys. J. 737, 2, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/737/1/2.

  108. Ménard, B., Nestor, D., Turnshek, D., Quider, A., Richards, G., Chelouche, D. & Rao, S. 2007, Lensing, reddening and extinction effects of MgII absorbers from z = 0.4 to 2, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc. 385, 1053-1066, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12909.x.

  109. Mitchell-Wynne, K., Cooray, A., Gong, Y., Ashby, M., Dolch, T., Ferguson, H. C., Finkelstein, S., Grogin, N., Kocevski, D., Koekemoer, A. et al. 2015, Ultraviolet Luminosity Density of the Universe During the Epoch of Reionization, Nature Comms. 6, 7945, doi:10.1038/NCOMMS8945.

  110. Miville-Deschênes, M.-A., Lagache, G. & Puget, J.-L. 2002, Power spectrum of the cosmic infrared background at 60 and 100 µm with IRAS, Astron. & Astrophys. 393, 749-756, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020929.

  111. Murthy, J., Doyle, J., Matthew, E., Henry, R. C. & Holberg, J. B. 1999, An Analysis of 17 Years of Voyager Observations of the Diffuse Far-Ultraviolet Radiation Field, Astrophys. J, 522, 904-914, doi:10.1086/307652.

  112. Murthy, J., Henry, R. C., Sujatha, N. V. 2010, Mapping the Diffuse Ultraviolet Sky with the Galaxy Evolution Explorer, Astrophys. J. 724, 1389-1395, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1389.

  113. Menci, N., Fiore, F., Perola G. C. & Cavaliere, A. 2004, X-Ray Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei and Hierarchical Galaxy Formation, Astrophys. J. 605, 58-66, 2004

  114. Oliver, S., Wang, L., Smith, A. J., Altieri, B., Amblard, A., Arumugam, V., Auld, R., Aussel, H., Babbedge, T., Blain, A. et al. 2010, HerMES: SPIRE galaxy number counts at 250, 350, and 500 µm, Astron. & Astrophys. 518, L21, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014697.

  115. O'Leary, R. M., Kistler, M. D., Kerr, M. & Dexter, J. 2015, Young Pulsars and the Galactic Center GeV Gamma-ray Excess, preprint, arXiv.org:1504.02477.

  116. Palomares-Ruiz, S. & Siegal-Gaskins, J. M. 2010, Annihilation vs. Decay: Constraining dark matter properties from a gamma-ray detection, J. Cosmo. & Astroparticle Phys. 1007, 023, doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2010/07/023.

  117. Papovich, C., Dole, H., Egami, E., Le Floc'h, E., Pérez-González, P. G., Alonso-Herrero, A., Bai, L., Beichman, C. A., Blaylock, M., Engelbracht, C. W. et al. 2004, The 24 Micron Source Counts in Deep Spitzer Space Telescope Surveys, Astrophys. J. Supp. 154, 70-74, doi:10.1086/422880.

  118. Persic, M. & Rephaeli, Y. 2003, Starburst galaxies and the X-ray background, Astron. & Astroph. 399, 9-17, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021738.

  119. Primack, J., Gilmore, R. & Sommerville, R. S. 2008, Diffuse Extragalactic Background Radiation, HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY: Proceedings of the 4th International Meeting on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1085, 71-82, doi:10.1063/1.3076779.

  120. Pritchard, J. R. & Loeb, A. 2012, 21 cm cosmology in the 21st century, Reports on Prog. in Phys. 75, 086901, doi:10.1088/0034-4885/75/8/086901.

  121. Revnivtsev, M., Gilfanov, M., Sunyaev, R., Jahoda, K., Markwardt, C. 2003, The spectrum of the cosmic X-ray background observed by RTXE/PCA, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 411, 329-334, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031386.

  122. Rothschild, R. E., Baity, W. A., Gruber, D. E., Matteson, J. L., Peterson, L. E. & Mushotzky, R. F. 1983, 2-165 keV observations of active galaxies and the diffuse background, Astrophys. J. 269, 423-437, doi:10.1086/161053.

  123. Salvaterra, R. & Ferrara, A. 2003, The imprint of the cosmic dark ages on the near-infrared background, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc. 339, 973-982, doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06244.x.

  124. Santos, M. R., Bromm, V. & Kamionkowski, M. 2002, The contribution of the first stars to the cosmic infrared background, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc, 336, 1082-1092, doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05895.x.

  125. Shang, C., Haiman, Z., Knox, L. & Oh, S.-P. Improved models for cosmic infrared background anisotropies: new constraints on the infrared galaxy population, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc. 421, 2832-2845, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20510.x.

  126. Shirasaki, M., Horiuchi, S. & Yoshida, N. 2014, Cross-Correlation of Cosmic Shear and Extragalactic Gamma-ray Background: Constraints on the Dark Matter Annihilation Cross-Section, Phys. Rev. D, 90, 063502, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.90.063502.

  127. Smail, I., Ivison, R. J. Blain, A. W. & Kneib, J.-P. 2002, The nature of faint submillimetre-selected galaxies, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc. 331, 495-520, doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05203.x.

  128. Smith, R. K., Foster, A. R., Edgar, R. J., Brickhouse, N. S. 2014, Resolving the Origin of the Diffuse Soft X-Ray Background, The Astrophysical Journal, 787, 1, 77, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/77.

  129. Song, Y.-S., Cooray, A., Knox, L. & Zaldarriaga, M. 2003, The Far-Infrared Background Correlation with Cosmic Microwave Background Lensing, Astrophys. J. 590, 664-672, doi:10.1086/375188.

  130. Sreekumar, P., Bertsch, D. L., Dingus, B. L., Esposito, J. A., Fichtel, C. E., Hartman, R. C., Hunter, S. D., Kanbach, G., Kniffen, D. A. Lin, Y. C. et al., 1998, EGRET observations of the extragalactic gamma-ray emission, Astrophys.J. 494, 523-534, doi:10.1086/305222.

  131. Stern, S. A., Slater, D. C., Scherrer, J., Stone, J., Dirks, G., Versteeg, M., Davis, M., Gladstone, G. R., Parker, J., Young, L. A., Siegmund, O. 2007, ALICE: The Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Aboard the New Horizons Pluto-Kuiper Belt Mission, Space Science Reviews, 140, 155-187, doi:10.1007/s11214-008-9407-3.

  132. Strong, A. W., Moskalenko, I. V., Reimer, O. 2004, A New Determination of the Extragalactic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Background from EGRET Data, Astrophys.J. 613, 956-961, 10.1086/423196.

  133. Subrahmanyan, R. & Cowsik, R. 2013, Is there an Unaccounted for Excess in the Extragalactic Cosmic Radio Background?, Astrophys. J. 776, 42, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/776/1/42.

  134. Sullivan, I., Cooray, A., Chary, R.-R., Bock, J. J., Brodwin, M., Brown, M. J. I., Dey, A., Dickinson, M., Eisenhardt, P., Ferguson, H. C. et al. 2007, Clustering of the IR Background Light with Spitzer: Contribution from Resolved Sources, Astrophys. J. 657, 37-50, doi:10.1086/511293.

  135. Tepper-Garcia, T., Richter, P. & Schaye, J. 2013, Absorption signatures of warm-hot gas at low redshift: Ne VIII, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc. 436, 2053, doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1712.

  136. Thacker, C., Cooray, A., Smidt, J., De Bernardis, F., Mitchell-Wynne, K., Amblard, A., Auld, R., Baes, M., Clements, D. L., Dariush, A. et al. 2013, H-ATLAS: The Cosmic Abundance of Dust from the Far-infrared Background Power Spectrum, Astrophys. J. 768, 58, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/1/58.

  137. Thacker, C., Gong, Y., Cooray, A., De Bernardis, F., Smidt, J. & Mitchell-Wynne, K. 2015, Cross-Correlation of Near and Far-Infrared Background Anisotropies as Traced by Spitzer and Herschel, preprint, arXiv.org:1412.4009.

  138. Thompson, R. I., Eisenstein, D., Fan, X., Rieke, M. & Kennicutt, R. C. 2007, Evidence for a z < 8 Origin of the Source-subtracted Near-Infrared Background, Astrophys. J. 666, 658-662, doi:10.1086/520634.

  139. Tsumura, K., Arai, T., Battle, J., Bock, J., Brown, S., Cooray, A., Hristov, V., Keating, B., Kim, M. G., Lee, D. H. et al. 2013, The Cosmic Infrared Background Experiment (CIBER): The Low Resolution Spectrometer, Astrophys. J., 207, 33, doi:10.1088/0067-0049/207/2/33.

  140. Ueda, Y., Akiyama, M., Ohta, K and Miyaji, T. 2003, Cosmological Evolution of the Hard X-Ray Active Galactic Nucleus Luminosity Function and the Origin of the Hard X-Ray Background Astrophys. J., 598, 886-908.

  141. Vernstrom, T., Scott, D., Wall, J. V., Condon, J. J., Cotton, W., Fomalont, E. B., Kellermann, K. I., Miller, N., Perley, R. A. 2014, Deep 3 GHz number counts from a fluctuation analysis, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 440, 2791-2809, doi:10.1093/mnras/stu470.

  142. Viero, M. P., Ade, P. A. R., Bock, James J., Chapin, E. L., Devlin, M. J., Griffin, M., Gundersen, J. O., Halpern, M., Hargrave, P. C., Hughes, D. H. et al. 2009, BLAST: Correlations in the Cosmic Far-Infrared Background at 250, 350, and 500 µm Reveal Clustering of Star-forming Galaxies, Astrophys. J., 707, 1766-1778, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1766.

  143. Viero, M. P., Wang, L., Zemcov, M., Addison, G., Amblard, A., Arumugam, V., Aussel, H., Béthermin, M., Bock, J., Boselli, A. et al. 2013, HerMES: Cosmic Infrared Background Anisotropies and the Clustering of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies, Astrophys. J. 772, 77, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/772/1/77.

  144. Viero, M., Moncelsi, L., Quadri, M., Béthermin, M., Bock, J. J., Burgarella, D., Chapman, S. C., Clements, D. L., Conley, A. Conversi, L. et al. 2015, HerMES: Current Cosmic Infrared Background Estimates Can be Explained by Known Galaxies and their Faint Companions at z < 4, Astrophys. J. 809, L22, doi:10.1088/2041-8205/809/2/L22.

  145. Watanabe, K., Leising, M. D., Share, G. H., Kinzer, R. L. 2000, The MeV cosmic gamma-ray background measured with SMM, THE FIFTH COMPTON SYMPOSIUM. AIP Conference Proceedings, 510, 471-475, doi:10.1063/1.1303252

  146. Weidenspointner, G., Varendorff, M., Kappadath, S. C., Bennett, K., Bloemen, H., Diehl, R., Hermsen, W., Lichti, G. G., Ryan, J., Schönfelder, V. 2000, The cosmic diffuse gamma-ray background measured with COMPTEL, THE FIFTH COMPTON SYMPOSIUM. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 510, 467-470, doi:10.1063/1.1307028

  147. Wright, E. L. 2001, DIRBE minus 2MASS: Confirming the Cosmic Infrared Background at 2.2 Microns, Astroph. J., 553, 538-544, doi:10.1086/320942.

  148. Wright, E. L. 2004, COBE observations of the cosmic infrared background, New Astro. Rev. 48, 465-468, doi:10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.054.

  149. Worsley, M. A., Fabian, A. C., Bauer, F. E., Alexander, D. M., Hasinger, G., Mateos, S., Brunner, H., Brandt, W. N. & Schneider, D. P. 2005, The unresolved hard X-ray background: the missing source population implied by the Chandra and XMM-Newton deep fields, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc. 357, 1281-1287, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08731.x.

  150. Wu, X.-P. & Xue, Y.-J. 2001, The X-Ray Background from Groups and Clusters of Galaxies, Astrophs. J. 560, 544-548.

  151. Xia, J.-Q., Cuoco, A., Branchini, E., Fornasa, M., Viel, M. 2011, A cross-correlation study of the Fermi-LAT -ray diffuse extragalactic signal, Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc. 416, 2247-2264, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19200.x.

  152. Xia, J.-Q., Negrello, M., Lapi, A., De Zotti, G., Danese, L. & Viel, M. 2012, Clustering of submillimetre galaxies in a self-regulated baryon collapse model, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc. 422, 1324-1331, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20705.x.

  153. Xue, Y. Q., Wang, S. X., Brandt, W. N., Luo, B., Alexander, D. M., Bauer, F. E., Comastri, A., Fabian, A. C., Gilli, R., Lehmer. B. D. et al. 2012, Tracking down the Source Population Responsible for the Unresolved Cosmic 6-8 keV Background, Astroph. J. 758, 129, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/758/2/129.

  154. Yue, B., Ferrara, A., Salvaterra, R. & Chen, X. 2013, The contribution of high-redshift galaxies to the near-infrared background, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc. 431, 383-393, doi:10.1093/mnras/stt174.

  155. Zemcov, M., Smidt, J., Arai, T., Bock, J., Cooray, A., Gong, Y., Kim, M.G., Korngut, P., Lam, A., Lee, D.H. et al. 2014, On the origin of near-infrared extragalactic background light anisotropy, Science, 346, 732-735, doi:10.1126/science.1258168.

  156. Zemcov, M., Arai, T., Battle, J., Bock, J., Cooray, A., Hristov, V., Keating, B., Kim, M. G., Lee, D. H., Levenson, L. R. et al. 2013, The Cosmic Infrared Background Experiment (CIBER): A Sounding Rocket Payload to Study the near Infrared Extragalactic Background Light, Astrophys. J. Supp. 207, 16, doi:10.1088/0067-0049/207/2/31.

Contents Previous