| Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 1978. 16:
103-39
Copyright © 1978 by Annual Reviews. All rights
reserved
|
2. MEASUREMENT OF THE DISTRIBUTION AND KINEMATICS OF THE GAS
When one applies the restriction that observations should provide
information over an appreciable fraction of the galaxy disk, one finds
that there are relatively few published results from absorption-line
measurements of the stellar component. In this section we therefore
concentrate on the available data for the gas and compare the results
obtained from the various methods of observation.
In Table 1 we list references to observations
that satisfy the
selection criteria. References to emission-line slit-spectra are
limited to those resulting in velocity data extending over a large
part of the galaxy image. The Fabry-Perot data provide such
information in a single observation, so the reference list is intended
to include all papers on those results. References to radio-HI data
are restricted to those providing the highest relative resolution;
information on the general characteristics of the HI distribution and
velocity field require beamwidths of at most about one-tenth of the
Holmberg diameter, and even higher resolution is needed in order to
separate spiral arms
(Allen 1975a).
References to earlier work (prior
to about 1969) and to less extensive observations of galaxy kinematics
can be found in the reviews by
Burbidge & Burbidge
(1975)
and by
Roberts (1975a,
b),
in the I.A.U. Reports on Astronomy for Commission
28, in the circulars of the I.A.U. Working Group on Internal Motions
in Galaxies, and, in the case of the LMC and SMC, in the proceedings
of a conference on "The Magellanic Clouds"
(Muller 1971).
Observations of kinematics in the nuclear regions are referenced by
Burbidge (1972)
and Ulrich (1974),
and are briefly discussed in Section 4.1
below.
Table 1. List of galaxies for which the velocity
field has been measured by sampling many points over a large fraction of
their disks
|
| NGC |
Type |
Slit spectra of optical emission lines |
H
Fabry-Perot interferometry |
H I 21-cm observations with good resolution |
|
| 224(M31) |
Sb |
Rubin
& Ford 1970,
1971 |
Deharveng
& Pellet 1975a,
b |
Argyle
1965 |
| |
|
|
|
Roberts
1966 |
| |
|
|
|
Davies
& Gottesman 1970 |
| |
|
|
|
Gottesman
& Davies 1970 |
| |
|
|
|
Guibert
1973,
1974 |
| |
|
|
|
Emerson
1974,
1976 |
| |
|
|
|
Roberts
& Whitehurst 1975 |
| |
|
|
|
Roberts
et at. 1978 |
| |
|
|
|
Shane
1978 |
| |
|
|
|
Newton
& Emerson 1977 |
| 253 |
Sc |
Demoulin
& Burbidge 1970 |
Deharveng
1971 |
Combes et
al. 1977 |
| |
|
Ulrich
1978 |
|
|
| 300 |
Sd |
|
|
Shobbrook
& Robinson 1967 |
| 598 (M33) |
Scd |
Mayall
& Aller 1942 |
Carranza
et al. 1968 |
de Jager
& Davies 1971 |
| |
|
|
de
Vaucoulers & |
Gordon
1971 |
| |
|
|
de
Vaucoulers 1971 |
Wright et
at. 1972 |
| |
|
|
|
Warner et
al. 1973 |
| |
|
|
|
Huchtmeier
1973 |
| |
|
|
|
Rogstad et
al. 1976 |
| 628 |
Sc |
|
Monnet
& Deharveng 1977 |
|
| 1068 |
Sb |
Walker
1968 |
|
|
| 1569 |
Irr |
|
de
Vaucoulers et al. 1974 |
|
| 2043 |
Scd |
|
Deharveng
& Pellet 1970 |
Burns &
Roberts 1971 |
| |
|
|
|
Shostak
& Rogstad 1973 |
| |
|
|
|
Shostak
1973 |
| 2685 |
Spec |
Ulrich
1975 |
|
Shane
1977 |
| |
|
|
|
Shane &
Bystedi 1978 |
| 2715 |
Sc |
van der
Kruit & Bosma 1978b |
|
|
| 2782 |
Sb |
van der
Kruit 1977b |
|
|
| 2841 |
Sb |
|
|
Bosma
1978b |
| 2903 |
Sbc |
Simkin
1975a |
|
|
| 3031 (M81) |
Sab |
Goad
1974,
1976 |
|
Rots &
Shane 1975 |
| |
|
|
|
Gottesman
& Weliachew 1975 |
| |
|
|
|
Allen
1976 |
| 3067 |
Sab |
Danziger
& Chromey 1972 |
|
|
| 3079 |
SBc |
Carozzi
1977 |
|
|
| 3198 |
Sc |
|
|
Bosma
1978b |
| 3310 |
Sbc, pec |
van der
Kruit 1976a |
|
|
| 3351 |
SBb |
Rubin et
al. 1975 |
|
|
| |
|
Peterson
et al. 1976 |
|
|
| 3359 |
SBc |
|
|
Seifert et al. 1975 |
| 3675 |
Sb |
van der
Kruit 1975 |
|
|
| 4027 |
SBd |
de
Vaucouleurs et at. 1968 |
|
|
| 4151 |
Sab |
Simkin
1975b |
|
Bosma et
al. 1977a |
| 4236 |
Sm |
|
|
Shostak
& Rogstad 1973 |
| 4258 |
Sbc |
van der
Kruit 1974b |
Courtes
1972 |
van Albada
& Shane 1975 |
| 4449 |
Irr |
|
Crillon
& Monnet 1969a |
van Woerden
et al. 1975 |
| 4490 / 85 |
Irr |
|
Boulesteix
et al. 1970 |
|
| 4631 |
Sd |
|
Crillon
& Monnet 1969b |
Winter
1975,
Weliachew et al. 1978 |
| 4736 |
Sab |
van der
Kruit 1974a,
1976c |
|
Bosma et
al. 1977b |
| 5033 |
Sc |
van der
Kruit & Bosma 1978b |
|
Bosma
1978b |
| 5055 |
Sbc |
van der
Kruit & Bosma 1978b |
|
Bosma
1978b |
| 5194 (M51) |
Sbc |
Burbidge
& Burbidge 1964 |
Carranza et
al. 1969 |
Weliachew
& Gottesman 1973 |
| |
|
|
Tully
1974a |
Shane
1975 |
| |
|
|
|
Segalovitz 1976 |
| 5236 (M83) |
Sc |
|
|
Rogstad et
al. 1974 |
| 5383 |
SBb |
Peterson
et al. 1978 |
|
Allen et
al. 1973a |
| 5457 (M101) |
Scd |
|
de
Vaucoulers & |
Rogstad
& Shostak 1971 |
| |
|
|
de
Vaucoulers 1971 |
Rogstad
1971 |
| |
|
|
|
Allen et
al. 1973a,
b |
| |
|
|
|
Allen
1975a,
b,
1976 |
| 6574 |
Sbc |
Demoulin
& Tung Chan 1969 |
|
|
| 6946 |
Scd |
|
|
Rogstad et
al 1973 |
| 7331 |
Sb |
|
|
Bosma
1978b |
| 7640 |
Sc |
|
|
Seielstad
& Wright 1973 |
| LMCa |
SBm |
|
Georgelin
& Monnet 1970 |
McGee
& Milton 1966 |
| |
|
|
Smith
& Weedman 1971 |
|
| |
|
|
Chériguène & Monnet 1972 |
|
| SMCb |
Irr |
Feast 1970 |
Carranza et
al. 1971 |
Hindman
1967 |
| |
|
|
Smith
& Weedman 1973 |
Erkes et
al. 1973 |
| IC10 |
Irr |
|
|
Shostak
1974 |
| IC342 |
Scd |
|
|
Rogstad et
al. 1973 |
| IC2574 |
Sm |
|
|
Seielstad
& Wright 1973 |
| Holm I |
Irr |
|
|
Tully et
al. 1978 |
| Holm II |
Irr |
|
|
Cottrell
1976b |
| DDO 125 |
Irr |
|
|
Tully et
al. 1978 |
| Maffei II |
Sb? |
|
|
Shostak
& Weliachew 1971 |
| |
|
|
|
Love
1972 |
|
| a Detailed
kinematical studies of te LMC have also been made for the planetary nebulae
(Smith & Weedman
1972), blue globular clusters
(Andrews & Evans 1972),
and supergiants
(Prevot 1973). |
| b A detailed
kinematical study of the SMC has also been made for the supergiants
(Dubois 1975). |