ARlogo Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 1997. 35: 637-675
Copyright © 1997 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved

Contents Previous

REFERENCES

  1. Ajhar A, Grillmair C, Lauer T, Baum W, Faber S, et al. 1996. Astron. J. 111:1110-27
  2. Alard C. 1996. PhD thesis. Univ. Paris VI
  3. Andredakis YC, Peletier RF, Balcells M. 1995. MNRAS 275:874-88
  4. Armandroff T. 1989. Astron. J. 97:375-89
  5. Ashman K, Bird C. 1993. Astron. J. 106:2281-90
  6. Azzopardi M, Lequeux J. 1992. In The Stellar Populations of Galaxies, IAU Symp. 149, ed. B Barbuy, A Renzini, pp. 201-6. Dordrecht: Kluwer
  7. Azzopardi M, Lequeux J, Rebeirot E. 1988. Astron. Astrophys. 202:L27-L29
  8. Baade W. 1944. Ap. J. 100:137-46
  9. Bacon R, Emsellem E, Monnet G, Nieto J-L. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 281:691-717
  10. Balcells M, Peletier R. 1994. Astron. J. 107:135-52
  11. Barnes J, Hernquist L. 1992. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 30:705-42
  12. Battistini P, Bonoli F, Casavecchia M, Ciotti L, Frederici L, Fusi-Pecci F. 1993. Astron. Astrophys. 272:77-97
  13. Baugh CM, Cole S, Frenk CS. 1996. MNRAS 283:1361-78
  14. Bender R, Burstein D, Faber S. 1993. Ap. J. 411:153-69
  15. Bender R, Doebereiner S, Moellenhoff C. 1988. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 74:385-426
  16. Bertelli G, Bressan N, Chiosi C, Fogatto F, Nasi E. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 106:275-302
  17. Binney J, Gerhard O, Spergel D. 1997. MNRAS In press
  18. Binney JJ, Gerhard O, Stark AA, Bally J, Uchida KI. 1991. MNRAS 252:210-18
  19. Bissantz N, Englmaier P, Binney J, Gerhard O. 1997. MNRAS In press
  20. Blanco V, Tendrup D. 1989. Astron. J. 98:843-52
  21. Blitz L, Binney J, Lo KY, Bally J, Ho PTP. 1993. Nature 361:417-24
  22. Blitz L, Spergel DN. 1991. Ap. J. 379:631-38
  23. Blitz L, Teuben P, eds. 1996. In Unsolved Problems of the Milky Way, IAU Symp. 169. Dordrecht: Kluwer
  24. Bothun G. 1992. Astron. J. 103:104-9
  25. Bottema R. 1993. Astron. Astrophys. 275:16-36
  26. Burton W, Hartmann D, West S. 1996. See Blitz & Teuben 1996, pp. 447-68
  27. Buta R, Elmegreen BG, Crocker DA, eds. 1996. Barred Galaxies, IAU Colloq. 157, ASP Conf. Ser. 91. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
  28. Carney B, Latham D, Laird J. 1990. In Bulges of Galaxies, ed. B Jarvis, D Terndrup,pp. 127-35. Garching: Eur. Space Obs.
  29. Catchpole R, Whitelock P, Glass I. 1990. MNRAS 247:479-90
  30. Christian C. 1993. See Smith & Brodie 1993, pp. 448-57
  31. Combes F. 1991. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 29:195-238
  32. Combes F. 1994. In The Formation and Evolution of Galaxies, ed. C Munoz-Turon, F Sanchez, pp. 317-98. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press
  33. Combes F, Debbasch F, Friedli D, Pfenniger D. 1990. Astron. Astrophys. 233:82-95
  34. Courteau S, de Jong R, Broeils A. 1996. Ap. J. Lett. 457:L73-L76
  35. Crotts A. 1986. Astron. J. 92:292-301
  36. Davies RL, Efstathiou GP, Fall SM, Illingworth G, Schechter P. 1983. Ap. J. 266:41-57
  37. Dehnen M. 1996. In New Light on Galaxy Evolution, ed. R Bender, RL Davies, p. 359. Dordrecht: Kluwer
  38. de Jong R. 1995. PhD thesis. Univ. Groningen
  39. de Jong R. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 313:45-64
  40. Dejonghe H, Habing H, eds. 1993. In Galactic Bulges, IAU Symp. 153. Dordrecht: Kluwer
  41. de Vaucouleurs G, Pence W. 1978. Astron. J. 83:1163-74
  42. de Zeeuw PT. 1995. See van der Kruit & Gilmore 1995, pp. 215-26
  43. de Zeeuw PT, Franx M. 1991. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 29:239-74
  44. Edmunds M. 1990. MNRAS 246:678-87
  45. Edvardsson B, Andersen J, Gustafsson B, Lambert DL, Nissen P, Tomkin J. 1993. Astron. Astrophys. 275:101-52
  46. Eggen O, Lynden-Bell D, Sandage A. 1962. Ap. J. 136:748-66
  47. Elmegreen B, Elmegreen D, Chromey F, Hasselbacher D, Bissell B. 1996. Astron. J. 111:2233-37
  48. Elson R, Gilmore G, Santiago B. 1997. MNRAS In press
  49. Emsellem E, Bacon R, Monnet G, Poulain P. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 312:777-96
  50. Faber SM. 1973. Ap. J. 179:731-54
  51. Faber SM, Trager S, Gonzalez J, Worthey G. 1995. See van der Kruit & Gilmore 1995, pp. 249-58
  52. Faber SM, Tremaine S, Ajhar EA, Byun Y-I, Burstein D, et al. 1997. Ap. J. In press
  53. Franx M. 1993. See Dejonghe & Habing 1993, pp. 243-62
  54. Franx M, Illingworth G. 1988. Ap. J. 327:L55-L59
  55. Freeman KC. 1993. See Smith & Brodie 1993, pp. 27-38
  56. Friedli D. 1994. In Mass Transfer Induced Activity in Galaxies, ed. I Shlosman,pp. 268-73. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press
  57. Friedli D, Wozniak H, Rieke M, Martinet L, Bratschi P. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 118:461-79
  58. Friel E. 1995. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 33:381-414
  59. Frogel J. 1988. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 26:51-92
  60. Fusi-Pecci F, Cacciari C, Federici L, Pasquali A. 1993. See Smith & Brodie 1993, pp. 410-19
  61. Genzel R, Thatte N, Krabbe A, Kroker H, Tacconi-Garman L. 1996. Ap. J. 472:153-72
  62. Gerhard OE. 1988. MNRAS 232:P13-P20
  63. Gerhard OE, Vietri M. 1986. MNRAS 223:377-89
  64. Giavalisco M, Macchetto D, Madau P, Sparks B. 1995. Ap. J. Lett. 441:L13-L16
  65. Giavalisco M, Steidel C, Macchetto D. 1996. Ap. J. 470:189-94
  66. Gott JR. 1977. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 15:235-66
  67. Gredel R, ed. 1996. The Galactic Center. ASP Conf. Ser., Vol. 102
  68. Gunn J, Gott JR. 1972. Ap. J. 176:1-20
  69. Harmon R, Gilmore G. 1988. MNRAS 235:1025-47
  70. Harris W. 1991. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 29:543-80
  71. Hasan H, Norman C. 1990. Ap. J. 361:69-77
  72. Hasan H, Pfenniger D, Norman C. 1993. Ap. J. 409:91-109
  73. Holl S, Fahlman G, Richer HB. 1996. Astron. J. 112:1035-45
  74. Holtzman JA, Light RM, Baum WA, Worthey G, Faber SM, et al. 1993. Astron. J. 106:1826-38
  75. Houdashelt M. 1996. PASP 108:828
  76. Huchra J. 1993. See Smith & Brodie 1993, pp. 420-31
  77. Huchra J, Kent S, Brodie J. 1991. Ap. J. 370:495-504
  78. Hughes SA, Wood P, Reid IN. 1991. Astron. J. 101:1304-23
  79. Ibata R, Gilmore G. 1995a. MNRAS 275:591-604
  80. Ibata R, Gilmore G. 1995b. MNRAS 275:605-27
  81. Ibata R, Gilmore G, Irwin M. 1994. Nature 370:194-96
  82. Izumiura H, Deguchi S, Hashimoto O, Nakada Y, Onaka T, et al. 1995. Ap. J. 453:837-63
  83. Jablonka P, Martin P, Arimoto N. 1996. Astron. J. 112:1415-22
  84. Kauffmann G. 1996. MNRAS 281:487-92
  85. Kent S, Dame TM, Fazio G. 1991. Ap. J. 378:131-38
  86. Kinman T, Suntzeff N, Kraft R. 1994. Astron. J. 108:1722-72
  87. Kinman T, Wirtanen CA, Janes K. 1966. Ap. J. Suppl. 13:379-409
  88. Kiraga M, Paczynski B, Stanek K. 1997. Preprint
  89. Kormendy J. 1993. See Dejonghe & Habing 1993, pp. 209-30
  90. Kormendy J, Bender R. 1996. Ap. J. Lett. 464:L119-22
  91. Kormendy J, Djorgovski S. 1989. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 27:235-78
  92. Kormendy J, Illingworth G. 1982. Ap. J. 256: 460-80
  93. Kuijken K, Fisher D, Merrifield M. 1996. MNRAS 283:543-50
  94. Kuijken K, Merrifield M. 1995. Ap. J. Lett. 443:L13-L16
  95. Lacey C, Cole S. 1993. MNRAS 262:627-49
  96. Larsen J, Humphreys R. 1994. Ap. J. Lett. 436:L149-52
  97. Lee MG, Freedman W, Mateo M, Thompson I, Rath M, Ruiz M-T. 1993. Astron. J. 106:1420-62
  98. Lee Y-W. 1992. Astron. J. 104:1780-89
  99. Lee Y-W. 1993. See Smith & Brodie 1993, pp. 142-55
  100. Lewis J, Freeman KC. 1989. Astron. J. 97:139-62
  101. Lilly S, Tresse L, Hammer F, Crampton D, Le Fevre O. 1995. Ap. J. 455:108-24
  102. Liszt H, Burton WB. 1996. See Blitz & Teuben 1996, pp. 297-310
  103. Madsen C, Laustsen S. 1986. ESO Messenger 46:12
  104. McElroy D. 1983. Ap. J. 270:485-506
  105. McGaugh S, Schombert J, Bothun G. 1995. Astron. J. 109:2019-34
  106. McLean I, Liu T. 1996. Ap. J. 456:499-503
  107. McWilliam A. 1997. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 35:503-56
  108. McWilliam A, Rich M. 1994. Ap. J. Suppl. 91:749-91
  109. Merrifield M. 1996. See Buta et al 1996, pp. 179-87
  110. Merritt D, Sellwood J. 1994. Ap. J. 425:551-67
  111. Mighell K, Rich RM. 1995. Astron. J. 110:1649-64
  112. Mihos JC, Hernquist L. 1994. Ap. J. 425:L13-L16
  113. Miller RH. 1996. See Buta et al 1996, pp. 569-74
  114. Minniti D. 1996. Ap. J. 459:175-80
  115. Minniti D, Olszewski E, Liebert J, White SDM, Hill JM, Irwin M. 1995. MNRAS 277:1293-311
  116. Minniti D, Olszewski E, Rieke M. 1993. Ap. J. Lett. 410:L79-L82
  117. Morris PW, Reid IN, Griffiths W, Penny AJ. 1994. MNRAS 271:852-74
  118. Morrison H. 1993. Astron. J. 106:578-90
  119. Morrison H, Harding P. 1993. See Dejonghe & Habing 1993, pp. 297-98
  120. Mould JR, Kristian J. 1986. Ap. J. 305:591-99
  121. Noguchi K. 1996. See Buta et al 1996, pp. 339-48
  122. Norman C, Sellwood J, Hasan H. 1996. Ap. J. 462:114-24
  123. Oort J, Plaut L. 1975. Astron. Astrophys. 41:71-86
  124. Ortolani S, Renzini A, Gilmozzi R, Marconi G, Barbuy B, et al. 1995. Nature 377:701-4
  125. Ostriker JP. 1990. In Evolution of the Universe of Galaxies, ASP Conf. Ser., ed. R Kron, 10:25. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
  126. Paczynski B, Stanek KZ, Udalski A, Szymanski M, Kaluzny J, et al. 1994a. Astron. J. 107:2060-66
  127. Paczynski B, Stanek KZ, Udalski A, Szymanski M, Kaluzny J, et al. 1994b. Ap. J. Lett. 435:L113-16
  128. Peebles PJE. 1989. In The Epoch of Galaxy Formation, ed. CS Frenk, R Ellis, T Shanks, A Heavens, J Peacock, pp. 1-14. Dordrecht: Kluwer
  129. Peletier R, Balcells M. 1996. Astron. J. 111:2238-42
  130. Perault M, Omont A, Simon G, Seguin P, Ojha D, Blommaert J, et al. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 315:L165-68
  131. Pfenniger D. 1993. See Dejonghe & Habing 1993, pp. 387-90
  132. Phillips A, Illingworth G, Mackenty J, Franx M. 1996. Astron. J. 111:1566-74
  133. Prada F, Gutierrez CM, Peletier RF, McKeith CD. 1996. Ap. J. Lett. 463:L9-L12
  134. Pritchet CJ. 1988. In The Extragalactic Distance Scale, ASP Conf. Ser., ed. C Pritchet, S van den Bergh, 4:59-68. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
  135. Pritchet CJ, van den Bergh S. 1987. Ap. J. 316:517-29
  136. Pritchet CJ, van den Bergh S. 1988. Ap. J. 331:135-44
  137. Pritchet CJ, van den Bergh S. 1996. See Blitz & Teuben 1996, pp. 39-46
  138. Quillen A, Ramirez S, Frogel J. 1996. Ap. J. 470:790-96
  139. Raha A, Sellwood J, James R, Kahn FD. 1991. Nature 352:411-12
  140. Regan M, Vogel S. 1994. Ap. J. 434:536-45
  141. Renzini A. 1995. See van der Kruit & Gilmore 1995, pp. 325-36
  142. Rich RM. 1988. Astron. J. 95:828-65
  143. Rich RM. 1990. Ap. J. 362:604-19
  144. Rich RM, Mighell K. 1995. Ap. J. 439:145-54
  145. Rich RM, Mighell K, Freedman W, Neill J. 1996. Astron. J. 111:768-76
  146. Richer HB, Harris WE, Fahlman GG, Bell RA, Bond HE, et al. 1996. Ap. J. 463:602-8
  147. Rix H-W, White SDM. 1990. Ap. J. 362:52-58
  148. Ryan S, Norris J. 1991. Astron. J. 101:1865-79
  149. Sadler E, Rich RM, Terndrup D. 1996. Astron. J. 112:171-85
  150. Sandage A. 1986. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 24:421-58
  151. Sandage A, Bedke J. 1994. The Carnegie Atlas of Galaxies. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 638.750 pp.
  152. Santiago B, Elson R, Gilmore G. 1996. MNRAS 281:1363-74
  153. Schade D, Lilly S, Crampton D, Hammer F, Lefevre O, Tresse L. 1995. Ap. J. Lett. 451:L1-L4
  154. Schade D, Lilly S, Lefevre O, Hammer F, Crampton D. 1996. Ap. J. 464:79-91
  155. Schmidt A, Bica E, Alloin D. 1990. MNRAS 243:620-28
  156. Schommer RA. 1993. See Smith & Brodie 1993, pp. 458-68
  157. Schommer RA, Cristian C, Caldwell N, Bothun G, Huchra J. 1991. Astron. J. 101:873-83
  158. Schweizer F. 1990. In Dynamics and Interactions of Galaxies, ed. R Wielen, pp. 60-71. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
  159. Shaw M. 1987. MNRAS 229:691-706
  160. Shaw M. 1993. MNRAS 261:718-52
  161. Shaw M, Axon D, Probst R, Gately I. 1995. MNRAS 274:369-87
  162. Shaw M, Dettmar R, Bartledress A. 1990. Astron. Astrophys. 240:36-51
  163. Silk J, Wyse RFG. 1993. Phys. Rep. 231:295-67
  164. Smith G, Brodie J, eds. 1993. In The Globular Cluster - Galaxy Connection. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
  165. Sofue Y, Yoshida S, Aoki T, Soyano T, Tarusawa K, et al. 1994. PASJ 46:1-7
  166. Stark AA. 1977. Ap. J. 213:368-73
  167. Stark AA, Binney J. 1994. Ap. J. Lett. 426:L31-L33
  168. Steidel C, Giavalisco M, Dickinson M, Adelberger KL. 1996a. Astron. J. 112:352-58
  169. Steidel C, Giavalisco M, Pettini M, Dickinson M, Adelberger KL. 1996b. Ap. J. Lett. 462:L17-L21
  170. Tinsley BM. 1980. Fundam. Cosmic Phys. 5:287-388
  171. Toomre A. 1977. In The Evolution of Galaxies and Stellar Populations, ed. RB Larson, B Tinsley, pp. 401-416. New Haven: Yale Univ. Obs.
  172. Tremaine S. 1995. Astron. J. 110:628-34
  173. Tremaine S, Henon M, Lynden-Bell D. 1986. MNRAS 219:285-97
  174. Tremaine SD, Ostriker JP, Spitzer L. 1975. Ap. J. 196:407-11
  175. Unavane M, Wyse RFG, Gilmore G. 1996. MNRAS 278:727-36
  176. van Albada T. 1982. MNRAS 201:939-55
  177. van den Bergh S. 1991a. PASP 103:609-22
  178. van den Bergh S. 1991b. PASP 103:1053-68
  179. van der Kruit, Gilmore G, eds. 1995. Stellar Populations, IAU Symp. 164. Dordrecht: Kluwer
  180. van Dokkum PG, Franx M. 1996. MNRAS 281:985-1000
  181. Walterbos R, Kennicutt R. 1988. Astron. Astrophys. 198:61-86
  182. Weil JL, Arendt RG, Berriman GB, Dwek E, Freundenreich HT, et al. 1994. Ap. J. 425:L81-L84
  183. Westerlund B, Lequeux J, Azzopardi M, Rebeirot E. 1991. Astron. Astrophys. 244:367-72
  184. Whitford A. 1978. Ap. J. 226:777-89
  185. Whitford A. 1986. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 24:1-22
  186. Whitmore BC, Schweizer F, Leitherer C, Borne K, Robert C. 1993. Astron. J. 106:1354-70
  187. Wyse RFG. 1995. See van der Kruit & Gilmore 1995, pp. 133-50
  188. Wyse RFG. 1997. Preprint
  189. Wyse RFG, Gilmore G. 1988. Astron. J. 95: 1404-14
  190. Wyse RFG, Gilmore G. 1989. Comments Astrophys. 8:135-44
  191. Wyse RFG, Gilmore G. 1992. Astron. J. 104:144-53
  192. Wyse RFG, Gilmore G. 1995. Astron. J. 110:2771-87
  193. Zaritsky D, Kennicutt R, Huchra J. 1994. Ap. J. 420:87-109
  194. Zhao H, Spergel DN, Rich RM. 1994. Astron. J. 108:2154-63

Contents Previous