REFERENCES
Adams, T. F.
1977, ApJS, 33, 19
Alfvén, H. & Herlofson, N.
1950, Phys. Rev., 78, 616.
Anderson, K.
1971, ApJ, 169, 449
Arons, J., Kulsrud, R. M., & Ostriker, J. P.
1975, ApJ, 198, 687
Arp, H. C.
1966, Science, 151, 1214
Arp, H. C., Bolton, J. G., & Kinman, T. D.
1967, ApJ, 147, 840
Antonucci, R. R. J.
1984, ApJ, 278, 499
Antonucci, R. A. R.
1993, ARA&A, 31, 473
Antonucci, R. R. J., & Miller, J. S.
1985, ApJ, 297, 621
Arav, N. 1997, in
Mass Ejection from AGN, ed. N. Arav et al.,
Astr. Soc. Pacific Conf. Series, Vol. 128, p. 208
Arav, N., Shlosman, I., & Weymann, R. J.
1997, Mass Ejection from AGN, Astr. Soc. Pacific
Conf. Series, Vol. 128
Baade, W., & Minkowski, R.
1954, ApJ, 119, 206
Bahcall, J. N., & Salpeter, E. E.
1965, ApJ, 142, 1677.
Balbus, S. A., & Hawley, J. F.
1991, ApJ, 376, 214
Baldwin, J. A.
1977a, MNRAS, 178, 67P
Baldwin, J. A.
1977b, ApJ, 214, 679
Baldwin, J., Ferland, G., Korista, K., &
Verner, D.
1995, ApJ, 455, L119
Becklin, E. E., Matthews, K., Neugebauer, G.,
& Wynn-Williams, C. G.
1973, ApJ, 186, L69
Bennett, A. S.
1962, MmRAS, 68, 163
Blandford, R. D.
1976, MNRAS, 176, 465
Blandford, R. D., & Königl, A.
1979 ApJ, 232, 34
Blandford, R. D., & McKee, C. F.
1982, ApJ, 255, 419
Blandford, R. D., & Rees, M. J.
1974, MNRAS, 169, 395
Blandford, R. D., & Rees, M. J. 1978, in
"Pittsburgh Conference on BL Lac Objects,"
ed. A. M. Wolfe (Univ. of Pittsburgh), p. 328
Blumenthal, G. R., & Mathews, W. G.
1975, ApJ, 198, 517
Bolton, J. G.
1948, Nature, 162, 141
Bolton, J. G., & Stanley, G. J.
1948, Nature, 161, 312
Bolton, J. G., Stanley, J. G., & Slee. O. B.
1949, Nature, 164, 101
Bowyer, C. S., Byram, E. T., Chubb, T. A., &
Friedman, H.
1964, Nature, 201, 1307
Bowyer, C. S., Lampton, M., & Mack, J.
1970, ApJ, 161, L1
Bradt, H. V. D., Ohashi, T., & Pounds, K. A.
1992, ARA&A, 30, 391
Bregman, J. N.
1990, Astron. Astrophys. Rev., 2, 125
Burbidge, E. M.
1967a, ApJ, 147, 845
Burbidge, E. M.
1967b, ARA&A, 5, 399
Burbidge, G., & Burbidge, M.
1967, Quasi-Stellar Objects (San Francisco: Freeman)
Burbidge, E. M., Burbidge, G. R., & Prendergast,
K. H.
1958, ApJ, 130, 26
Burbidge, E. M., Lynds, C. R., & Burbidge, G. R.
1966, ApJ, 144, 447
Burbidge, G. R.
1959, Paris Symposium on Radio Astronomy,
ed. R. N. Bracewell (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press), p. 541
Burbidge, G. R.
1961, Nature, 190, 1053
Burbidge, G. R., Burbidge, E. M., Hoyle, F. &
Lynds, R.
1966, Nature, 210, 774
Cameron, A. G. W.
1962, Nature, 194, 963
Clavel, J., et al.,
1992, ApJ, 393, 113
Clavel, J., Wamsteker, W., & Glass, I. S.
1989, ApJ, 337, 236
Cohen, M. H., et al.,
1971, ApJ, 170, 207
Cohen, M. H., Jauncey, D. L., Kellermann,
K. I. & Clark, B. G.
1968, Science, 162, 88
Collin-Souffrin, S.
1987, A&A, 179, 60
Collin-Souffrin, S.
1991, A&A, 249, 344
Collin-Souffrin, S., Dumont, S., Heidmann, N., &
Joly, M.
1980, A&A, 83, 190
Collin-Souffrin, S., Dumont, S., & Tully, J.
1982, A&A, 106, 362
Courvoisier, T. J.-L., & Clavel, J.
1991, A&A, 248, 389
Czerny, B., & Elvis, M.
1987, ApJ, 321, 305
Dahari, O.
1984 AJ, 89, 966
Davidsen, A. F., Hartig, G. F., & Fastie, W. G.
1977, Nature, 269, 203
Davidson, K.
1972, ApJ, 171, 213
Dent, W. A.
1965, Science, 148, 1458
De Young, D. S., & Axford, W. I.
1967, Nature, 216, 129
Eardley, D. M, Lightman, A. P., & Shapiro, S. L.
1975, ApJ, 199, L153
Edge, D. O., Shakeshaft, J. R., McAdam, W. B.,
Baldwin, J. E., & Archer, S.
1959, MNRAS, 67, 37
Edelson, R. A., Gear, W. K. P., Malkan, M. A.,
Robson, & E. I.
1988, Nature, 336, 749
Edelson, R. A., & Malkan, M. A.
1986, ApJ, 308, 59
Edelson, R. A., & Malkan, M. A.
1987, ApJ, 323, 516
Elvis, M., et al.,
1978, MNRAS, 183, 129
Fath, E. A.
1909, Lick Obs. Bull., 5, 71
Faulkner, J., Gunn, J. E., & Peterson, B.
1966, Nature, 211, 502
Ferland, G. J., & Netzer, H.
1983, ApJ, 264, 105
Ferland, G. J., Netzer, H., and Shields, G. A.
1979, ApJ, 232, 382
Frank, J., & Rees, M. J.
1976, MNRAS, 176, 633
Friedman, H., & Byram, E. T.
1967, Science, 158, 257
Gaskell, C. M.
1982, ApJ, 263, 79
Giacconi, R. et al.,
1962, Phys. Rep. Lett., 9, 439
Ginzburg, V. L.
1951, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 76, 377
Green, R., Schmidt, M., & Liebert, J.
1986, ApJS, 61, 305
Greenstein, J. L., & Matthews, T.
1963, Nature, 197, 1041
Greenstein, J. L., & Schmidt, M.
1964, ApJ, 140, 1
Greenstein, J. L., & Schmidt, M.
1967 ApJ, 148, L13.
Gunn, J. E.
1971, ApJ, 164, L113
Gunn, J. E., & Peterson
1965, ApJ, 142, 1633.
Gursky, H., Kellogg, E. M., Leong, C., Tananbaum,
H., & Giacconi, R.
1971, ApJ, 165, L43
Halpern, J. P., & Steiner, J. E.
1983, ApJ, 269, L37
Hamann, F., & Ferland, G.
1993, ApJ, 418, 11
Hanbury Brown, R.
1959, Paris Symposium on Radio Astronomy,
ed. R. N. Bracewell (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press), p. 471
Hanbury Brown, R., Jennison, R. C., & Das Gupta,
M. K.
1952, Nature, 170, 1061
Hazard, C., Mackey, M. B., & Shimmins, A. J.
1963, Nature, 197, 1037
Heckman, T. M.
1980, A&A, 87, 152
Henyey, L. G., & Keenan, P. C.
1940, ApJ, 91, 625
Hewett, P. C., & Foltz, C. B.
1994, PASP, 106, 113
Hewish, A., Scott, P. F., & Wills D.
1964, Nature, 203, 1214
Hey, J. S., Parsons, S. J., & Phillips, J. W.
1946, Nature, 158, 234
Hills, J. G.
1975, Nature, 254, 295
Hoyle, F., & Burbidge, G. R.
1966, ApJ, 144, 534
Hoyle, F., Burbidge, G. R., & Sargent, W. L. W.
1966, Nature, 209, 751
Hoyle, F., & Fowler, W.
1963a, MNRAS, 125, 169
Hoyle, F., & Fowler, W.
1963b, Nature, 197, 533
Hoyle, F., & Narlikar, J. V.
1961, MNRAS, 123, 131
Hubble, E. P.
1926, ApJ, 64, 321.
Impey, C., & Neugebauer, G.
1988, AJ, 95, 307
Impey, C. D., Malkan, M. A., & Tapia, S.
1989, ApJ, 347, 96
Ives, J., Sanford, P., & Penston, M.
1976, ApJ, 207, L159
Jansky, K. G.
1932, Proc. IRE, 20, 1920
Jansky, K. G.
1933, Proc. IRE, 21, 1387
Jansky, K. G.
1935, Proc. IRE, 21, 1158
Jennison, R. C., & Das Gupta, M. K.
1953, Nature, 172, 996
Johnson, H. L.
1964, ApJ, 139, 1023
Kellermann, K. I.
1985, Comments Ap., 11, 69
Khachikian, E. Y., & Weedman, D. W.
1974, ApJ, 192, 581
Kiepenheuer, K. O.
1950, Phys. Rev., 79, 738
Kinman, T. D.
1965, ApJ, 142, 1241
Kinman, T. D., & Burbidge, E. M.
1967, ApJ, 148, L59
Knacke, R. F., & Capps, R. W.
1974, ApJ, 192, L19
Knight, C. A. et al.,
1971, Science, 172, 52
Kolykhalov, P. I., & Sunyaev, R. A.
1985, Adv. Space Res., 3, 249
Koratkar, A., & Blaes, O.
1999, PASP, 111, 1
Kristian, J.
1973, ApJ, 179, L61
Krolik, J. H.
1999, Active Galactic Nuclei
(Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton Univ. Press)
Krolik, J. H., McKee, C. F., & Tarter, C. B.
1981, ApJ, 249, 422
Kwan, J., & Krolik, J. H.
1979, ApJ, 233, L91
Lauroesch, J. T., Truran, J. W., Welty, D. E., &
York, D. G.
1996, PASP, 108, 641
Lacy, J., et al.,
1982, ApJ, 256, 75
Lightman, A. P., & Eardley, D. M.
1974, ApJ, 187, L1
Low, F. J., & Johnson, H. L.
1965, ApJ, 141, 336
Lynden-Bell, D.
1969, Nature, 223, 690
Lynds, C. R.
1967, ApJ, 147, 396
Lynds, C. R., & Villere, G.
1965, ApJ, 142, 1296
MacAlpine, G.
1971, ApJ, 175, 11
Malkan, M. A.
1983, ApJ, 268, 582
Markarian, B. E.
1967, Astrofizica, 3, 55;
translation: Atrophysics, 3, 24 (1969)
Marshall, N., Warwick, R. S., & Pounds, K. A.
1981, MNRAS, 194, 987
Mathews, W. G.
1974, ApJ, 189, 23
Matthews, T. A., Bolton, J. G., Greenstein, J. L.,
Münch, G. & Sandage, A. R.
1961, S&T, 21, 148
Matthews, T. A., & Sandage, A. R.
1963, ApJ, 138, 30
Miller, J. S.
1985, Astrophysics of Active Galaxies and Quasi-stellar
Objects (Mill Valley, CA: Univ. Science Books)
Mills, B. Y., Slee, O. B., & Hill, E. R.
1958, Austral. J. Phys., 11, 360
Minkowski, R.
1960, ApJ, 132, 908
Mirabel, I. F., & Rodriguez, L. F.
1994, Nature, 371, 46
Miyoshi, K., et al.,
1995, Nature, 373, 127
Morris, D., Palmer, H. P., & Thompson, H. R.
1957, Observatory, 77, 103
Murray, N., & Chiang, J.
1997, ApJ, 474, 91
Murray, N., Chiang, J., Grossman, S. A., & Voit,
G. M.
1995, ApJ, 451, 498
Mushotzky, R. F., Done, C., & Pounds, K. A.
1993, ARA&A, 31, 717
Mushotzky, R. F., & Ferland, G. J.
1984, ApJ, 278, 558
Mushotzky, R. F., Marshall, F. E., Boldt,
E. A., & Holt, S. S., & Serlemitsos, P. J.
1980, ApJ, 235, 377
Narayan, R., & Yi, I.
1994, ApJ, 428, L13
Neugebauer, G., Becklin, E. E., Oke, J. B., &
Searle, L.
1976, ApJ, 205, 29
Neugebauer, G., Green, R. F., Matthews, K.,
Schmidt, M., Soifer, B. T., & Bennett, J.
1987, ApJS, 63, 615
Neugebauer, G., Oke, J. B., Becklin, E. E., &
Mathews, K.
1979, ApJ, 230, 79
Novikov, I. D., & Thorne K. S. 1973, in
"Black Holes," eds. C. De Witt & B. De Witt (New York: Gordon &
Breach), 343
Oda, M., Gorenstein, P., Gursky, H., Kellogg, E.,
Schreier, E., Tanabaum, H., & Giacconi, R.
1971, ApJ, 166, L1
Oke, J. B.
1963, Nature, 197, 1040
Oke, J. B.
1966, ApJ, 145, 668
Oke, J. B.
1967, ApJ, 147, 901
Oke, J. B.
1969, PASP, 81, 11
Oke, J. B., Neugebauer, G., & Becklin, E.
1970, ApJ, 159, 341
Oke, J. B., & Sargent, W. L. W.
1968, ApJ, 151, 807
Orr, M. J. L., & Browne, I. W. A.
1982, MNRAS, 200, 1067
Osterbrock, D. E.
1977, ApJ, 215, 733
Osterbrock, D. E.
1978, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75, 540
Osterbrock, D. E.
1989, Astrophysics of Gaseous Nebulae and Active
Galactic Nuclei (Mill Valley, CA: Univ. Science Books), 408 pp.
Osterbrock, D. E., & Mathews, W. G.
1986, ARA&A, 24, 171
Osterbrock, D. E., & Parker, R. A. R.
1965, ApJ, 141, 892.
Osterbrock, D. E., & Parker, R. A. R.
1966, ApJ, 143, 268.
Pacholczyk, A. G., & Weymann, R. J.
1968, Conference on Seyfert Galaxies and Related Objects,
AJ, 73, 836
Pacholczyk, A. G., & Wisniewski, W. Z.
1967, ApJ, 147, 394
Pauliny-Toth, & Kellermann, K.
1966, ApJ, 146, 634
Penston, M. V., Penston, M. J., Selmes, R. A.,
Becklin, E. E., & Neugebauer, G.
1974, MNRAS, 169, 357
Peterson, B. M.
1993, PASP, 105, 247
Peterson, B. M.
1997, Active
Galactic Nuclei (Cambridge Univ. Press), 238 pp.
Peterson, B. M., Meyers, K. A., Capriotti, E. R.,
Foltz, C. B., Wilkes, B. J., & Miller, H. R.
1985, ApJ, 292, 164
Pogge, R. W.
1988, ApJ, 328, 519
Pounds, K., Nandra, K., Stewart, G., George, I.,
& Fabian, A.
1989, MNRAS, 240, 769
Punch, M., et al.,
1992, Nature, 358, 477
Pringle, J. E.
1976, MNRAS, 177, 65P
Reber, Grote
1940a, Proc. IRE, 28, 68
Reber, G.
1940b, ApJ, 91, 621
Reber, G.
1944, ApJ, 100, 279
Rees, M. J.
1966, Nature, 211, 468
Rees, M. J.
1984,
ARA&A, 22, 471
Rees, M. J. 1997, in
Black Holes and Relativity, ed. R. Wald, in
Proc. Chandrasekhar Memorial Conf. (Chicago: University Chicago Press)
Rees, M. J., Phinney, E. S., Begelman, M. C.,
& Blandford, R. D.
1982, Nature, 295, 17
Rees, M. J., Silk, J. I., Werner, M. W.,
& Wickramasinghe, N. C.
1969, Nature, 223, 788
Rieke, G. H.
1972, ApJ, 176, L95
Rieke, G. H.
1978, ApJ, 226, 550
Rieke, G. H., & Low, F. J.
1972, ApJ, 176, L95
Robinson, I., Schild, A., & Schucking, E. L.
1964, Quasi-Stellar Sources and Gravitational Collapse (Chicago:
Univ. Chicago Press)
Robson, I.
1996, Active Galactic Nuclei (New York: Wiley)
Rowan-Robinson, M.
1977, ApJ, 213, 635
Ryle, M., & Clark, R. W.
1961, MNRAS, 122, 349
Ryle, M., & Smith, F. G.
1948, Nature, 162, 462.
Ryle, M., Smith, F. G., & Elsmore, B.
1950, MNRAS, 110, 508
(erratum 111, 641)
Salpeter, E. E.
1964, ApJ, 140, 796
Sandage, A.
1963, ApJ, 139, 416
Sandage, A. R.
1965, ApJ, 141, 1560.
Sanders, D. B., Phinney, E. S., Neugebauer, G.,
Soifer, B. T., & Matthews, K.
1989, ApJ, 347, 29
Sanders, D. B., Soifer, B. T., Elias, J. H.,
Neugebauer, G., & Matthews, K.
1988, ApJ, 328, L35
Scheuer, P. A. G.
1965, Nature, 207, 963
Schmidt, M.
1963, Nature, 197, 1040
Schmidt, M.
1965, ApJ, 141, 1295
Schmidt, M.
1972, ApJ, 176, 273
Schmidt, M. 1983, in
Serendipitous Discoveries in Radio Astronomy,
ed. K. Kellermann & B. Sheets, NRAO Conf. (Green Bank, W. Va.:
NRAO), p. 171
Schmidt, M. 1990, in
Modern Cosmology in Retrospect, ed. B. Bertotti,
R. Balbinot, S. Bergia,
& A. Messina (Cambridge: Cambridge. U. Press), p. 347
Schmidt, M., & Matthews, T.
1964, ApJ, 139, 781
Scott, P. F., & Ryle, M.
1961, MNRAS, 122, 389
Searle, L., & Sargent, W. L. W.
1968, ApJ, 153, 1003
Setti, G., & Woltjer, L.
1966, ApJ, 144, 838
Setti, G., & Woltjer, L.
1989, A&A, 224, L21
Seyfert, C. K.
1943, ApJ, 97, 28
Shakura, N. I., & Sunyaev, R. A.
1973, A&A, 24, 337
Shields, G. A.
1974, ApJ, 191, 309
Shields, G. A.
1977, Astrophys. Lett., 18, 119
Shields, G. A. 1978a, in
Proceedings of the Pittsburgh Conference on BL Lac
Objects, ed. A. Wolfe, (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh), p. 257
Shields, G. A.
1978b, Nature, 272, 706
Shklovskii, I. S.
1964, AZh, 41, 801;
translation: Soviet Astron., 8, 638 (1965).
Shklovskii, I. S.
1965, AZh, 42, 893;
translation: Soviet Astron., 9, 683 (1966)
Sholomitsky, G. B.
1965, Soviet Astron., 9, 516
Slipher, V. M.
1917, Lowell Obs. Bull., 3, 59
Smith, F. G.
1951, Nature, 168, 555
Smith, H. J., & Hoffleit, D.
1963, Nature, 198, 650
Soifer, B. T., Houck, J. R., & Neugebauer, G.
1987, ARA&A, 25, 187
Souffrin, S.
1969a, A&A, 1, 305
Souffrin, S.
1969b, A&A, 1, 414
Spitzer, L., & Saslaw, W. C.
1966, ApJ, 143, 400
Stein, W. A., & Soifer, B. T.
1983, ARA&A, 21, 177
Stein, W. A., & Weedman, D. W.
1976, ApJ, 205, 44
Stockman, H. S., Angel, J. R. P., & Miley, G. K.
1979, ApJ, 227, L55
Stockton, A. N., & Lynds, C. R.
1966, ApJ, 144, 451
Sullivan, W. T. III,
1982, Classics in Radio Astronomy (Dordrect: Reidel).
Sullivan, W. T. III,
1984, The Early Years of Radio Astronomy (Cambridge:
Cambridge Univ. Press)
Swanenburg, B. N., et al.,
1978, Nature, 275, 298
Tanaka, Y. et al.,
1995, Nature, 375, 659
Tananbaum, H. et al.,
1979, ApJ, 234, L9
Tananbaum, H., Gursky, H., Kellogg, E., &
Giacconi, R.
1972, ApJ, 177, L5
Tarter, C. B., & Salpeter, E. E.
1969, ApJ, 156, 953
Terlevich, R., & Melnick, J.
1985, MNRAS, 213, 841
Terrell, J.
1964, Science, 145, 918
Thorne, K. S., & Price, R. H.
1975, ApJ, 195, L101
Townes, C. H.
1947, ApJ, 105, 235
Trimble, V. 1992, in
Testing the AGN Paradigm, AIP Conference Proc. 254, p. 647
Tucker, W., Kellogg, E., Gursky, H., Giacconi,
R., & Tananbaum, H.
1973, ApJ, 180, 715
Ulrich, M.-H., et al.,
1984, MNRAS, 206, 221
Ulrich, M.-H., Maraschi, L., & Urry, C. M.
1997,
ARA&A, 35, 445
Urry, C. M., & Padovani, P.
1995, PASP, 107, 803
Visvanathan, N., & Oke, J. B.
1968, ApJ, 152, L165
Walker, M. F.
1968, ApJ, 151, 71
Webster, L., & Murdin, P.
1972, Nature, 235, 37
Weedman, D.
1972, ApJ, 171, 5
Weymann, R. J.
1970, ApJ, 160, 31
Weymann, R. J., Morris, S. L., Folz, C. B., & Hewett, P. C.
1991, ApJ, 373, 23
Whipple, F., & Greenstein, J. L.
1937, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 23, 177.
Whitney, A. R., et al.,
1971, Science, 173, 225
Wilkes, B. J.
1984, MNRAS, 207, 73
Wilkes, B. J., 1999, in
Quasars and Cosmology, ed. G. J. Ferland and J. A. Baldwin, PASP
Conf. Series, in press
Wilkes, B. J., & Carswell, R. F.
1982, MNRAS, 201, 645
Williams, R. E.
1967, ApJ, 147, 556
Williams, R. E., & Weymann, R. J.
1968, AJ, 73, 895
Wills, B. J., & Browne, I. W. A.
1986, ApJ, 302, 56
Wills, B. J., Netzer, H., & Wills, D.
1985, ApJ, 288, 94
Winkler, F., & White, A.
1975, ApJ, 199, L139
Wolfe, A. M.
1978, Pittsburgh Conference on BL Lac Objects
(Univ. of Pittsburgh), 428 pp.
Woltjer, L.
1959, ApJ, 130, 38
Woltjer, L.
1966, ApJ, 146, 597
Zeldovich, Ya. B.
1964, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 155, 67 (also 158, 811)
Zwicky, F.
1964 ApJ, 140, 1467