REFERENCES
Izotov, Y.I. & Thuan, T.X.,
Astrophys. J. 500, 188 (1998a).
Turner, M.S., in ``The Proc. of Particle Phys. and the
Universe'' (ed. D.O. Caldwell) (AIP, Woodbury, NY, 1999)
astro-ph/9904359.
Kolb, E.W., and Turner, M.S., ``The Early Universe'', (Addison Wesley 1990).
Reeves, H., Audouze, J., Fowler, W. & Schramm, D. N.,
Astrophys. J. 179, 909 (1973).
Wagoner, R. V., Astrophys. J. 179, 343 (1973).
Burles, S., Nollett, K.M., Truran, J.N. & Turner, M.S.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4176 (1999)
astro-ph/9901157 (1999b).
Olive, K.A., 19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic
Astrophysics and Cosmology,
Paris 1998, astro-ph/9903309 (1999b).
Olive, K.A., Steigman, G. & Walker, T.P., ``Primordial
Nucleosynthesis : Theory and Observations'' Phys. Rep.
astro-ph/9905320 (1999).
Sarkar, S., ``Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: Reprise''
astro-ph/9903183 (1999).
Schramm, D. N., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95, 42-46
(http:// www. pnas.org) (1998).
Schramm, D. N. & Turner, M. S.,
Rev. Mod. Phys 70, 303-318 (1998).
Steigman, G., in ``Stellar Evolution, Stellar Explosions and
Galactic Evolution'',
Proceedings of the Second Oak Ridge Symp., (ed. Mezzacappa),
Inst. of Physics Pub, p101,
(1997) astro-ph/9803055.
Copi, C.J., Schramm, D.N. & Turner, M.S.,
Nature, 267, 192 (1995).
Olive, K.A., ``Primordial Big Bang Nucleosynthesis'' Summary of
Lectures
at Advanced School of Cosmology and Particle Physics, and Theoretical
and Observational Cosmology Summer School, 44pp,
astro-ph/9901231 (1999a).
Sarkar, S., Rept. Prog. Phys. 59, 1493-1610, revised at
hep-ph/9602260 (1996).
Boesgaard, A.M. & Steigman, G.,
Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 23, 319 (1985).
Crane, P. (ed.) ``The Light Element Abundances'' Springer.
Holt, S. & Sonnerborn, G. (eds.) ``Cosmic Abundances'':
Proceedings of the Sixth Annual October Astrophysics Conference, College
Park, Maryland, USA, 9-11
Oct. 1995 Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference
Series, vol.99, (1996).
Prantzos, N., Tosi, M. & von Steiger, R. (eds.) ``Primordial
Nuclei and their Galactic Evolution'' Space Science Reviews 84, Kluwer
Academic Publishers.
Prantzos, N. (ed.) ``Nuclei in the Cosmos V'' Proceedings of
International Symposium Volos, Greece Editions Frontieres, Paris (1998).
Börner ``The Early Unvierse: Facts and Fiction''
(Springer-Verlag, Berlin) (1988).
Coles, P. & Lucchin, F., ``Cosmology: The Origin and
Evolution of Cosmic Structure'' (Wiley & Sons, 1996).
Peacock, John,
``Cosmological Physics'' (Cambridge
University Press, 1999).
Pradmanabhan, ``Structure Formation in the Universe'',
Cambridge University Press, (1993).
Bernstein, J., Brown, L. & Feinberg, G., Rev. Mod. Phys.
61, 25 (1991).
Hetherington, N.S. ``Encyclopedia of Cosmology'' (Garland
Publishing Inc. New York 1993), (articles on Big Bang Cosmology, and
Origins of Primordial Nucleosynthesis).
Kragh, H., ``Cosmology and controversy : the historical development of
two theories of the universe'' (Princeton University Press, 1996).
Lemaitre, G., Nature, 127, 706 (1931).
Gamow, G., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 32, 353 (1942).
Gamow, G., Phys. Rev. 70, 572 (1946).
Hayashi, C., Prog. Theor. Phys. Japan 16, 613 (1950).
Alpher, R.A., PhD. The George Washington Univ. (1948).
Alpher, R.A., Follin, J.W. & Herman, R.C.,
Phys. Rev. 92, 1347 (1953).
Wagoner, R. V., Fowler, W.A. & Hoyle, F.,
Astrophys. J. 148, 3 (1967).
Lopez, R.E. & Turner, M.S., Phys. Rev. D 59 103502
astro-ph/9807279 (1999).
Riotto, A., ``Theories of Baryogenesis'' Lectures at Summer
School (1998), Trieste
hep-ph/9807454.
Riotto, A. & Trodden, M., ``Recent Progress in Baryogenesis''
Ann. Rev. Nucl. and Particle Sci. vol. 49 (1999)
hep-ph/9901362.
Sakharov, A. D., JETP Lett. 91B, 24 (1967).
Peebles, J.P.E.
Astrophys. J. 146, 542 (1966)
Hoyle, F. & Tayler, R.J.
Nature 203, 1108 (1964)
Irion, R.,
New Scientist Feb. 6, 1999, 26-30.
Quinn, H.R. & Witherell, M.S.,
Scientific American 279, no. 4, 76 (1998).
Gnedin, N. Y. & Ostriker, J. P.,
Astrophys. J. 486, 581 (1997).
Peimbert, M. & Torres-Peimbert, S.,
Astrophys. J. 193, 327 (1974).
Hogan, C.J., Olive, K.A. & Scully, S.T.,
Astrophys. J. 489, L119 (1997).
Olive, K.A., Skillman, E.D. & Steigman, G.,
Astrophys. J. 483, 788
& 489, 1006 (1997).
Jedamzik, K. & Fuller, G.M.,
Astrophys. J. 452, 33 (1995).
Cayrel, R. in Prantzos, N., Tosi, M. & von Steiger, R.
(eds.) ``Primordial
Nuclei and their Galactic Evolution'' (Space Science Reviews 84, Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 1998).
Ryan, S. G., Beers, T. C., Olive, K. A., Fields, R. D. & Norris, J. E.,
astro-ph/9905211 (1999b).
Epstein, R.I., Lattimer, J.M. & Schramm, D.N.,
Nature 263, 198 (1976).
Boyd, R.N., Ferland, G.J. & Schramm, D.N.,
Astrophys. J. 336, L1 (1989).
Jedamzik, K. & Fuller, G.M.,
Astrophys. J. 483, 560
astro-ph/9609103 (1997).
Tytler, D., Fan, X. M., & Burles, S.,
Nature 381, 207 (1996).
Audouze, J., in ``Nucleosynthesis & Chemical Evolution''
Saas-Fee, Geneva Observatory, (1986) p. 433.
Vidal-Madjar, A. & Gry, C.
Astron. Astrophys. 138, 285 (1984)
Adams, T.F.,
Astron. Astrophys. 50, 461, (1976).
Webb, J. K., Carswell, R.F., Irwin, M.J. & Penston, M.V.
Mon.Not.Roy.Astr.Soc. 250, 657 (1991)
Chaffee, F. H., Foltz, C. B., Roser, H.-J., Weymann, R. J.,
& Latham, D. W.,
Astrophys. J. 292, 362 (1985).
Chaffee, F. H., Foltz, C. B., Bechtold, J. & Weymann, R. J.
Astrophys. J. 301, 116 (1986).
Carswell, R. F., Rauch, M., Weymann, R. J., Cooke, A. J.,&
Webb, J. K.,
Mon. Notes R. Astron. Soc. 268, L1 (1994).
Vogt, S. S., et al., Proc. SPIE, 2198, 362 (1994).
Burles, S. & Tytler, D.,
Astrophys. J. 499, 699
astro-ph/9712108 (1998b).
Burles, S. & Tytler, D.,
Astrophys. J. 507, 732
astro-ph/9712109 (1998a).
Kirkman, D., Tytler, D., Burles, S., Lubin, D., & O'Meara, J.,
Astrophys. J., in press Jan. 2000
astro-ph/9907128 (1999).
Webb, J. K., Carswell, R. F., Lanzetta, K. M., Ferlet, R., Lemoine,
M., Vidal-Madjar, A., & Bowen, D. V.
Nature 388, 250 (1997a).
Webb, J. K., et al., preprint,
astro-ph/9710089 (1997b).
Levshakov, S.A., Kegel, W.H., & Takahara, F.,
astro-ph/9812114 (1998).
Tytler, D., et al.,
Astrophys. J. 117, 63
astro-ph/9810217 (1999).
Molaro, P., Bonifacio, P., Centurion, M., Vladilo, G.,
Astron. Astrophys. 349, no. 1, L13-16
(1999).
Levshakov, S.A., Agafonova, I.I. & Kegel, W.H. 2000b, Astron.
Astrophys. in preparation
astro-ph/9911261.
Songaila, A., Cowie, L. L., Hogan, C. J. & Rugers, M.,
Nature 368, 599 (1994).
Burles, S., Kirkman, D.& Tytler, D.,
Astrophys. J., 519, 18 (1999c).
Lemoine et al., ``Deuterium Abundances'' New Astronomy,
astro-ph/9903043 (1999).
Rogerson, J. & York, D.G.,
Astrophys. J. 186, L95 (1973).
Linsky et al.,
Astrophys. J. 402, 694 (1993).
Linsky et al.,
Astrophys. J. 451, 335 (1995).
McCullough P.R.,
Astrophys. J. 390, 213 (1992).
Lemoine, M., et al.,
Astron. & Astrophys. 308, 601 (1996).
Vidal-Madjar, A., et al.,
Astron. & Astrophys. 338, 694 (1998).
Sahu, M. S. et al., Astrophys. J. Lett.
astro-ph/9908123.
Hébrand, G., et al.,
Astron. & Astrophys. 350, 643 (1999).
Jenkins, E.B., et al.,
Astrophys. J. 520, 182
astro-ph/9901403 (1999).
Chengalur, Braun & Burton
Astrophys. Astron. 318, L35 (1997).
Wright, C. M., van Dishoeck, E. F., Cox, P., Sidher, S. D. &
Kessler, M. K.,
Astrophys. J. Lett. 515, L29 (1999).
Lubowich et al., Astrophy. J., submitted (1998).
Lubowich et al.,
Astrophy. J., 508, 729 (1998).
Mahaffy et al., in 1998 in
``Primordial Nuclei and their Galactic Evolution''
(N. Prantzos, M. Tosi, & R. von Steiger, eds.)
Space Science Reviews 84, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998).
Feuchtgruber, H. et al.,
Astron. Astrophys. 341, L17 (1999).
Geiss,J. & Gloeckler,G. in Prantzos, N., Tosi, M. & von
Steiger, R. (eds.) ``Primordial Nuclei and their Galactic Evolution''
Space Science Reviews 84, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998).
Gloeckler, G. reported at IAU 198, Natal, Brazil (1999).
Tosi, M., Steigman, G., Matteucci, F. & Chiappini, C.,
Astrophys. J. 498, 226 (1998).
Vangiono-Flam, E. & Cassé, M.,
Astrophys. J. 441, 729 (1995).
Timmes, F. X., Truran, J. W., Lauroesch, J. T. & York, D.
G., Astrophys. J. 476, 464 (1997).
Scully, S. Cassé, M., Olive, K. A. & Vangioni-Flam, E.,
Astrophys. J. 476, 521
astroph/9607106 (1997).
Wampler, E. J. Nature, 383, 308 (1996).
Songaila, A., Wampler, J. & Cowie, L. L.,
Nature 385, 137 (1997).
Burles, S. & Tytler, D.,
Astron. J. 114, 1330
astro-ph/9707176 (1997).
Tytler, D. & Burles, S.,
in ``Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies'' (eds. T. Kajino,
Y. Yoshii & S. Kubono) (World Scientific Publ. Co. 1997),
astro-ph/9606110, p. 37-63).
Levshakov, S.A., Kegel, W.H., & Takahara, F.,
Astrophys. J. 499, L1
astro-ph/9802110 (1998).
Levshakov, S.A., Kegel, W.H., & Takahara, F.,
Astron. Astrophys., 336, L29
astro-ph/9801108 (1998).
Levshakov, S.A., Agafonova, I.I. & Kegel, W.H. in preparation (2000a)
Kirkman, D., Tytler, D., & Burles, S., Astrophys. J. in press
astro-ph/9907128 (1999).
Rugers, M. & Hogan, C. J.,
AJ 111, 2135 (1996a).
Gnedin, N. Y. & Ostriker, J. P.,
Astrophys. J. 400, 1 (1992).
Sigl, G., Jedamzik, K., Schramm, D. N., Berezinsky, V. S.,
Phys. Rev. D 52, 6682 (1995).
Holtmann, E., Kawasaki, M., Kohri, K. & Moroi, T., Phys.
Rev. D60, 023506
hep-ph/9805405 (1999).
Holtmann, E., Kawasaki, M., & Moroi, T.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3712
hep-ph/9603241 (1996).
Jedamzik, K., Mathews, G.J. & Fuller, G.M.,
Astrophys. J. 441, 465 (1995).
Steigman, G.,
Mon. Notes R. Astron. Soc. 269, L53
(1994a).
Tytler, D., & Burles, S., in ``Origin of Matter and
Evolution of Galaxies'' (eds. T. Kajino, Y. Yoshii & S. Kubono) (World
Scientific Publ. Co. 1997)
(astro-ph/9606110) p. 37-63.
Rugers, M. & Hogan, C.J.,
Astrophys. J. 459, L1 (1996b).
Audouze, J., in conference ``Galactic Evolution...'' Meudon, (1998).
Ryan, S. G., Norris, J. E. & Beers, T. C., Astrophys. J.
astro-ph/9903059 (1999a).
Jakobsen, P., et al.
Nature 370, 35 (1994).
Wadsley, J.W., Hogan, C.J. & Anderson, S.F. to appear in proc.
``Clustering at High Redshift''
astro-ph/9911394 (1999)
Lequeux, J., et al.,
Astron. Astrophys. 80, 155 (1979).
Kunth, D. & Sargent, W.L.W.,
Astrophys. J. 273, 81 (1993).
Pagel, B.E.J., Terlevich, R.J. & Melnick, J., in Proc. Texas
Conf on Nebulae and Abundances (1996).
Pagel, B.E.J., Simonson, E.A., Terlevich, R.J. & Melnick, J.,
Mon. Notes R. Astron. Soc. 255, 325 (1992).
Skillman, E. D. et al.,
Astrophys. J. 431, 172 (1994).
Pagel, B.E.J., in ``The Light Element Abundances''
ed. P. Crane, (Springer: Berlin, 1995).
Izotov, Y.I., Thuan, T.X. & Lipovetsky, V.A.,
Astrophys. J. 435, 647 (1994).
Izotov, Y.I., Thuan, T.X. & Lipovetsky, V.A.,
Astrophys. J. Suppl. 108, 1 (1997).
Izotov, Y.I. & Thuan, T.X.,
Astrophys. J. 497, 227 (1998b).
Skillman, E. D., Terlevich, E. & Terlevich, R., in
``Primordial Nuclei and their Galactic Evolution''
(N. Prantzos, M. Tosi, & R. von Steiger eds.)
Space Science Reviews 84, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998).
Izotov, et al. Astrophys. J.
astro-ph/9907228 (1999).
Rood, T.R., Steigman, G & Tinsley, B.M.,
Astrophys. J. 207, L57 (1976).
Gloeckler, G. & Geiss, J.,
Nature 381, 210 (1996).
Galli, D., Palla, F., Ferrini, F. & Penco, U.,
Astrophys. J. 443, 536 (1995).
Olive, K.A. et al.,
Astrophys. J. 444, 680 (1995).
Yang, J., Turner, M. S., Steigman, G., Schramm, D. N. & Olive, K. A.,
Astrophys. J. 281, 493 (1984).
Hata, N., Scherrer, R.J., Steigman, G., Thomas, D. & Walker, T.P.,
Astrophys. J. 458, 637 (1996).
Rood, T.R., Bania, T. & Wilson, J.,
Nature 355, 618 (1992).
Balser, D.S., Bania, T.M., Rood, R.T. & Wilson, T.L.,
Astrophys. J. 510, 759 (1999).
Rood, R.T., Bania, T.M., Balser, D.S. & Wilson, T.L., in
(Prantzos, N., Tosi, M. & von Steiger, R. eds.) ``Primordial Nuclei and
their Galactic Evolution'' Space Science Reviews 84, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 1998).
Arnould, M. & Forestini, F., in ``Nuclear Astrophysics, Reports in
Progress in Physics,'' (ed. M. Lozano, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 1989).
Vangioni-Flam, E. Cassé, M. & Audouze, J.,
``Lithium-Beryllium-Boron: Origin and Evolution'', Phys. Rep.,
astro-ph/9907171 (1999).
Spite, F. & Spite, M.,
Astron. Astrophys. 115, 357 (1982).
Smith, V. V., Lambert, D. L., Nissen, P. E.,
Astrophys. J. 506, 405 (1998).
Bonifacio, P. and Molaro, P.,
Mon. Notes R. Astron. Soc. 285, 847 (1997).
Deliyannis, C.P., Boesgaard, A.M. & King, J.R.,
Astrophys. J. 452, L13 (1995).
Lemoine, M., Schramm, D.N., Truran, J.W. & Copi, C.J.,
Astrophys. J. 478, 554
astro-ph/9610092 (1997).
Boesgaard, A.M., Deliyannis, C.P., Stephens, A. & King, J.R.,
Astrophys. J. 493, 206 (1998).
Vauclair, S. & Charbonnel, C.,
Astron. Astrophys. 295, 715 (1995).
Vauclair, S. & Charbonnel, C.,
Astrophys. J. 502, 372
astro-ph/9802315 (1998).
Smith, V. V., Lambert, D. L. & Nissen, P. E.,
Astrophys. J. Suppl. 85, 219 (1993).
Hobbs, L.M. & Thorburn, J.A.
Astrophys. J. 491, 772 (1997).
Cayrel, R., Spite, M., Spite, F., Vangioni-Flam, E.,
Cassé, M & Audouze, J.
Astron. Astrophys. 343, 923 (1999).
Thomas, D., Schramm, D. N., Olive, K. A., & Fields, B. D.,
Astrophys. J. 406, 569 (1993).
Vangiono-Flam, E., et al.,
New Ast 4, 245
astro-ph/9811327 (1999).
Fields, B.D., Olive, K.A. & Schramm, D.N.,
Astrophys. J. 435, 185 (1994).
Boesgaard, A.M., Deliyannis, C.P., King, J.R., Ryan, S.G., Vogt, S.S.
& Beers, T.C.
Astron. J. 117, 1549 (1999).
Kernan, P.J. & Sarkar, S.,
Phys. Rev. D 54, 3681
astro-ph/9603045 (1996).
Kainulainen, K., Kurki-Suonio, H. & Sihvola, E., ``Inhomogeneous
big-bang
nucleosynthesis in light of recent observations.''
Phys. Rev. D 59, 083505 (1999)
astro-ph/9807098.
Hata, N., Steigman, G., Bludman, S. & Langacker, P.,
Phys. Rep. Lett. 75, 3977 (1995).
Steigman, G., in ``Critical Dialogues in Cosmology'' (ed. N.
Turok), World Scientific, 1996), p.63.
Jedamzik, K., in Proc. ``Neutrino
Astrophysik'' (1998), Ringberg 1997
astro-ph/9805156.
March-Russell, J. Murayama, H. & Riotto, A., ``The Small Observed
Baryon Asymmetry from a Large Lepton Asymmetry''
hep-ph/9908396.
Shi, X., Fuller, G. M. & Abazajian, K., Phys. Rev. D 60, 063002
astro-ph/9905259 (1999).
Giovannini, M. & Shaposhnikov, M. E.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 22 (1998).
Rehm, J. B. & Jedamzik, K.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3307 (1998).
Damour, T. & Pichon, B., Phys. Rev. D 59, 123502
astro-ph/9807176 (1999).
Epstein, R.I. & Petrosian, V.,
Astrophys. J. 197, 281 (1975).
Hogan, C.J.,
Mon. Notes R. Astron. Soc.185, 889 (1978).
Malaney, R.A. & Mathews, G.,
Phys. Rep. 229, 147 (1993).
Gnedin, N. Y., Ostriker, J. P. & Rees, M. J.,
Astrophys. J. 438, 40 (1995).
Copi, C.J., Olive, K.A. & Schramm, D.N.,
Astrophys. J. 451, 51 (1995).
Copi, C.J., Olive, K.A. & Schramm, D.N.,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95, 2758 (1997).
Steigman, G., Schramm, D. N., & Gunn, J.E.
Phys. Lett. B66, 202 (1977).
Denegri, D., Sadoulet, B. & Spiro, M.,
Rev. Mod. Phys. 62, 1 (1990).
Lisi, E., Sarkar, S. & Villante, F.L.,
Phys. Rev. D 59, 123520
astro-ph/9901404 (1999).
Lindley, D.,
Astrophys. J. 294, 1 (1985).
Audouze, J., Lindley, D. & Silk, J.,
Astrophys. J. 293, L53 (1985).
Kohri, K. & Yokoyama, J.,
astro-ph/9908160 (1999).
López-Suárez, J. & Canal, R., Astrophys. J. submitted
astro-ph/9804235 (1999).
Gunn, J. E. & Peterson, B. A.,
Astrophys. J. 142, 1633 (1965).
Cen, R., & Ostriker, J. P.,
Astrophys. J. 514, 1 (1999).
Rauch, M., et al., Astrophys. J. 489, 7
(1997).
Weinberg, D. H., Miralda-Escude, J., Hernquist, L., & Katz,
N., Astrophys. J. 490, 564 (1997).
Zhang, Y., Meiksin, A., Anninos, P., Norman, M. L.,
Astrophys. J. 496, 63 (1998).
Maloney, P.R. & Bland-Hawthorn, Astrophys. J. Lett.
astro-ph/9907197.
White, S. D. M., Navarro, J. F., Evrard, A., Frenk, C.,
Nature 366, 429 (1993).
Cen, R., & Ostriker, J. P.
1994, Astrophys. J., 429, 4 (1994).
Pen, U.,
Astrophys. J. Suppl. 115, 19 (1998).
Grego, L. et al. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 192, 1707,
194, 5807, and in preparation (1998).
Boute, D.A. & Canizares,C.R.,
Astrophys. J. 457, 565 (1996).
Rines, K., Forman, W., Pen, U. & Jones, C.,
Astrophys. J. 517, 70 (1999).
Arnaud, M. & Evrard, A.E., Mon. Notes R. Astron. Soc.
astro-ph/9806353 (1999).
Bahcall, N.A., Ostriker, J.P., Perlmutter, S. & Steinhardt,
P.J., Science 284, 1481 (1999).
Freese, K., Fields, B. & Graff, D., in Proceedings of the
19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology
astro-ph/9904401 (1999).
Madau, P. & Pozzetti, L., Mon. Notes R. Astron. Soc.,
astro-ph/9907315 (1999).
Kamionkowski, M., Jungman, G., Kosowsky, A. & Spergel, D.N., in AAS
Pacific Conf. Ser. 99 (1996) (ed. S.S. Holt & G. Sonneborn), p.74.
Lineweaver, C.H., Barbosa, D., Blanchard, A. & Bartlett, J.G.,
Astron. Astrophys. 322, 365 (1997).
Ellis, J.R. astro-ph/9903003