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Article Contents

TITLE PAGE

1.INTRODUCTION

2.GLOBAL MEASURES

2.1.Occam's Razor

2.2.Classical Tests of Geometry

2.3.Number Count of Quasar Lensing

2.4.Microwave Background Acoustic Peaks

2.5.The Age of the Universe

3.VIRIALIZED OBJECTS: GALAXIES AND CLUSTERS

3.1.Mass to Light Ratio

3.2.Baryon Fraction and Nucleosynthesis

3.3.Cosmic Virial Theorem

3.4.Local Group Dynamics

4.LARGE-SCALE FLUCTUATIONS; COSMIC FLOWS

4.1.Measured Peculiar Velocities

4.2.Redshift Distortions

4.3.Velocity versus Density

4.4.Cluster Abundance and Correlations

5.FLUCTUATION GROWTH RATE

5.1.Cluster Morphology

5.2.The Epoch of Galaxy Formation

5.3.Present Structure versus Fluctuations in the CMB

6.CONCLUSION

REFERENCES