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Article Contents

ABSTRACT

1.INTRODUCTION

2. _m - THE MATTER DENSITY

2.1. Galaxies and Clusters: Dynamical Measures & Mass-to-Light Ratios

2.2. Dynamics of the Local Group

2.3. Cluster Baryon Fraction

2.4. Peculiar Velocities: Density and Velocity Comparisons

2.5. Galaxy Pairwise Velocities

3. AND _m LIMITS

3.1. Gravitational Lens Statistics

3.2. Strong Gravitational Lenses

3.3. _m and from Type Ia Supernovae

4. SUMMARY OF CURRENT _m AND MEASUREMENTS

5. H₀ - THE HUBBLE CONSTANT

5.1. "Physical" versus "Astronomical" Methods

5.2. Gravitational Lenses

5.3. Sunyaev Zel'dovich Effect and X-Ray Measurements

5.4. The Cepheid-Calibrated Extragalactic Distance Scale

6. t₀ - AGES OF THE OLDEST STARS

6.1. Globular Cluster Ages

6.2. Thorium Ages

7. REMAINING ISSUES FOR MEASURING t₀

8. H₀t₀

9. COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FROM COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES

10. SUMMARY

REFERENCES