Contents Previous

REFERENCES

  1. Apal'kov, Y., et al. 1992, in Frontiers of X-Ray Astronomy, ed. Y. Tanaka & K. Koyama (Tokyo: Universal Academy Press), 251.
  2. Arnold, J. R., Mertzger, A. E., Anderson, E. C., & Van Dilla, M. A. 1962, J. Geophys. Res., 67, No. 12, 4878.
  3. Avni, Y. 1978, Astr. Ap., 63, L13.
  4. Bassani, L., Dean, A. J., Di Cocco, G., & Perotti, F. 1985, in Active Galactic Nuclei, ed. J. E. Dyson, (Manchester: Manchester University Press), p. 252.
  5. Bertsch, D. L., et al. 1993, Ap.J., 405, L21.
  6. Bignami, G. F., Fichtel, C. E., Hartman, R. C., & Thompson, D. J. 1979, Ap.J., 232, 649.
  7. Boldt, E. 1987, Phys. Reports, 146, No. 4, 215.
  8. Boyle, B. J., Griffiths, R. E., Shanks, T., Stewart, G. C., & Georganopoulos, I. 1993, MNRAS, 260, 49.
  9. Brown, R. W., & Stecker, F. W. 1979, Phys. Rev. Letters, 43, 315.
  10. Cameron, R. A., et al. 1993, in Proc. Compton Gamma Ray Observatory Symposium, ed. M. Friedlander, N. Gehrels, & D. Macomb (AIP: New York), p. 478.
  11. Clayton, D. D. & Silk, J. 1969, Ap.J., 158. L43.
  12. Clayton, D. D. & Ward, R. A. 1975, Ap.J., 198, 241.
  13. Cline, D. B. & Gao, Y.-T. 1990, Ap.J., 348, 33.
  14. Daly, R. A. 1988, MNRAS, 232, 853.
  15. Daniel, R. R., Joseph, G., & Lavakare, O. 1972, Astrophys. Space Sci., 18, 462.
  16. Dermer, C. D. & Schlickeiser, R. 1992, Science, 257, 1642.
  17. Dunlop, J. S. & Peacock, J. A. 1990, MNRAS, 247, 19.
  18. Fichtel, C. E. 1993, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (Texas/PASCOS, ed. C. W. Akerlof & M. A. Srednicki), 688, 136.
  19. Fichtel, C. E. et al. 1993, Astr. Ap. Suppl., 97, 13.
  20. Fichtel, C. E., Hartman, R. C., Kniffen, D. A., Thompson, D. J., Bignami, G. F., Ögelman, H., Özel, M. F., & Tümer, T. 1975, Ap.J., 198, 163.
  21. Fichtel, C. E., Simpson, G. A., & Thompson, D. J. 1978, Ap.J., 222, 833.
  22. Fukuda, Y., Hayakawa, S., Kasahara, I., Makino, F., & Tanaka, Y., 1975, Nature, 254, 398.
  23. Gao, Y. T., Cline, D. B., & Stecker, F. W. 1990, Ap.J., 357, L1.
  24. Gao, Y. T., Stecker, F. W., Gleiser, M., & Cline, D. B. 1990, Ap.J., 361, L37.
  25. Gehrels, N. & Cheung, C. 1991, in Testing the AGN Paradigm, ed. S. S. Holt, S. G. Neff & C. M. Urry (New York: AIP), 348.
  26. Gehrels, N. & Tueller, J. 1993, Ap.J., 407, 597.
  27. Griffiths, R. E. et al. 1993, in preparation.
  28. Gruber, D. E. 1992, in X-Ray Background, ed. X. Barcons & A. C. Fabian (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. press), 44 (G92).
  29. Gruber, D. E., Matteson, J. L., & Jung, G. V. 1985, Proc. 19th Intl. Cosmic Ray Conf., ed. F. C. Jones, OG-1, 349.
  30. Hartman, R. C., et al. 1992, Ap.J., 385, L1.
  31. Johnson, W. N., et al. 1993, Astr. Ap. Suppl., 97, 21.
  32. Jourdain, E., et al. 1992, Astr. Ap., 256, L38.
  33. Kogut et al. 1993, submitted to Ap.J.
  34. Kniffen, D. A., et al. 1993, Ap.J., 411, 133.
  35. Kraushaar, W. L., Clark, G. W., Garmire, G. P., Borker, R., Higbie, P., Leong, V., & Thorsos, T. 1972, Ap.J., 177, 341.
  36. Lavigne, J. M., et al. 1982, Ap.J., 261, 720.
  37. Leising, M. D., & Share, G. H. 1990, Ap.J., 357, 638.
  38. Leiter, D. & Boldt, E. 1992, in Proc. Compton Observatory Science Workshop (NASA Conf. Pub. 3137), 359.
  39. Levine, A. M., et al. 1984, Ap.J. Suppl., 54, 581.
  40. Lin, Y. C., et al. 1992, Ap.J., 401, L61.
  41. Madau, P., Ghisellini, G. & Fabian, A. C. 1993, Ap.J., 410, L7.
  42. Maisack, M., et al. 1993, Ap.J., 407, L61.
  43. Mandrou, P., Vedrenne, G., & Niel, M. 1979, Ap.J., 230, 97.
  44. Marshall, E. F., et al. 1980, Ap.J., 235, 4.
  45. Matsuoka, M, et al. 1990, Ap.J., 361, 440.
  46. Mazets, E. P., Golenetskii, S. V., Il'inskii, V. N., Gur'yan, Y. A., & Kharitonova, T. V. 1975, Astrophys. Space Sci., 33, 347.
  47. Mereghetti, S. 1990, Ap.J., 354, 58.
  48. Mushotzky, R. F. 1982, Ap.J., 256, 92.
  49. Mushotzky, R. F. 1984, Adv. Space Res., 3, Nos. 10-12, 157.
  50. Olive, K. A., & Silk, J. 1985, Phys. Rev. Letters, 55, 2362.
  51. Paciesas, W. S., et al. 1993, in Proc. Compton Gamma Ray Observatory Symposium, ed. M. Friedlander, N. Gehrels, & D. Macomb (AIP: New York), p. 473.
  52. Padovani, P., Ghisellini, G., Fabian, A. C. & Celotti, A. 1993, MNRAS, in press.
  53. Page, D. N., & Hawking, S. W. 1976, Ap.J., 206, 1.
  54. Perola, G. C. et al. 1986, Ap.J., 306, 508.
  55. Piccinotti, G., Mushotzky, R. F., Boldt, E. A., Holt, S. S., Marshall, F. E., Serlemitsos, P. J., & Shafer, R. A. 1982, Ap.J., 253, 485.
  56. Pinkau, K. 1973, in Gamma Ray Astrophysics, ed. F. W. Stecker & J. I. Trombka, NASA SP-339 (US Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC), p. 133.
  57. Pounds, K. A. et al. 1990, Nature, 344, 132.
  58. Puget, J. L. 1973, in Gamma Ray Astrophysics, ed. F. W. Stecker & J. I. Trombka, NASA SP-339 (US Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC), p. 367.
  59. Punch, M., et al. 1992, Nature, 358, 477.
  60. Rogers, R. D. & Field, G. B. 1991, Ap.J., 370, L57.
  61. Rogers, R. D. & Field, G. B. 1991, Ap.J., 378, L17.
  62. Rothschild, R. E., Mushotzky, R. F., Baity, W. A., Gruber, D. E., Matteson, J. L. & Peterson, L. E. 1983, Ap.J., 269, 423.
  63. Schönfelder, V., Graml, F., & Penningsfeld, F.-P. 1980, Ap.J., 240, 350.
  64. Shanks, T, et al. 1991, Nature, 353, 315.
  65. Smoot, G. F., et al. 1992, Ap.J., 396, L1.
  66. Stecker, F. W. 1971, Cosmic Gamma Rays, NASA SP-249 (US Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC).
  67. Stecker, F. W. 1973, in Gamma Ray Astrophysics, ed. F. W. Stecker & J. I. Trombka, NASA SP-339 (US Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC), p. 211.
  68. Stecker, F. W. 1985, Nuclear Physics, B252, 25.
  69. Stecker, F. W. 1989, in Proc. of Gamma Ray Observatory Science Workshop, ed. W. N. Johnson, p. 4-73.
  70. Stecker, F. W. 1993, preprint.
  71. Stecker, F. W., Morgan, D. L., & Bredekamp, J. 1971, Phys. Rev. Letters, 27, 1467.
  72. Stecker, F. W. & Puget, J. L. 1972, Ap.J., 178, 57.
  73. Stecker, F. W., De Jager, O. C. & Salamon, M. H. 1992, Ap.J., 390, L49.
  74. Stecker, F. W., Salamon, M. H., & Malkan, M. A. 1993, Ap.J., 410, L71.
  75. Strong, A. W. 1984, Adv. Space Res., 3, No. 10-12, 87.
  76. Svensson, R. 1987, MNRAS, 227, 403.
  77. Sunyaev, R. A. & Titarchuk, L. G. 1980, Astr. Ap., 86, 121.
  78. Terasawa, N. 1991, Ap.J., 378, L11.
  79. The, L.-S., Leising, M. & Clayton, D. D. 1993, Ap.J., 403, 32.
  80. Trombka J. I., Dyer, C. S., Evans, L. G., Bielefeld, M. J., Seltzer, S. M., & Metzger, A. M. 1977, Ap.J., 212, 925.
  81. Tueller, J., Barthelmy, S. D., Gehrels, N., Teegarden, B. J., Leventhal, M. & MacCallum, C. J. 1990, Ap.J., 351, L41.
  82. Turner, T. J., George, I. M., & Mushotzky, R. F. 1993, Ap.J., 412, 72.
  83. Vedrenne, G., Albernhe, F., Martin, I., & Talon, R. 1971, Astr. Ap., 15, 50.
  84. Vette, J. I., Gruber, D. E., Matteson, J. L., & Peterson, L. E. 1970, in IAU Symp. No. 37, ed. L. Gratton (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 335.
  85. Weinberg, S. 1972, Gravitation and Cosmology, (New York: Wiley).
  86. White, R. S., Dayton, B., Moon, S. H., Ryan, J. M., Wilson, R. B., & Zych, A. D. 1977, Ap.J., 218, 920.
  87. Williams, O. R., et al. 1992, Ap.J., 389, 157.
  88. Yaqoob, T., et al. 1989, MNRAS, 236, 153.
  89. Zdziarski, A. A., Zycki, P. T., Svensson, R. & Boldt, E. 1993, Ap.J., 405, 125.
  90. Zdziarski, A. A., Zycki, P. T., & Krolik, J. H., 1993, Ap.J., 414, L81.
  91. Zycki, P. T., Zdziarski, A. A., Ghisellini, G. & Svensson, R. 1993, preprint.

Contents Previous