11.1. Cosmic Rays
Already in 1990, Shemi & Piran
[220]
pointed out that fireball
model is closely related to Cosmic Rays. A "standard" fireball
model involved the acceleration of ~ 10-7
M
of
baryons
to a typical energy of 100 GeV per baryon. Protons that leak out of
the fireball will become low energy cosmic rays. However, a comparison
of the GRB rate (one per 106 years per galaxy) with the observed
low energy cosmic rays flux, suggests that even if
fCR-
1 this will amount
only to 1% to 10% of the observed cosmic
ray flux at these energies. Cosmic rays are believed to be produced by
SNRs. Since supernovae are ten thousand times more frequent than GRBs,
unless GRBs are much more efficient in producing Cosmic Rays in some
specific energy range their contribution will be swamped by the SNR
contribution.