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Article Contents

ABSTRACT

1.INTRODUCTION

1.1.Scope of the review

1.2.The presence of dark matter in galaxies

2.THE INVISIBLE CHARACTER, DARK PARTICLES AND CO.

2.1.Collisionless and cold dark particles

2.2.An unexpected new candidate for cold dark particles

2.3.Self-interacting DM particles

2.4.FUZZY dark particles

2.5.Warm dark matter particles

2.6.In search for dark matter

3.BARYONS IN GALAXIES

3.1.Spirals, LSB and UDG

3.1.1.HI distribution in disk systems

3.2.Ellipticals

3.3.Dwarf spheroids

4.PROBING THE GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL IN GALAXIES

4.1.Rotation curves

4.2.A reference velocity for disk systems

4.3.Vertical motions

4.4.Dispersion velocities

4.5.Fast spheroidal rotators

4.6.Dispersion velocities versus rotation curves

4.7.Masses in spheroids within half-light radii

4.8.Tracer mass estimator

4.9.Weak lensing

4.10.Strong lensing

4.11.X-ray emission & hydrostatic equilibrium

5.THE MASS OF THE STELLAR COMPONENT IN GALAXIES

6.DM HALO PROFES

7.KINEMATICS OF GALAXY SYSTEMS

7.1.The Tully-Fisher and the Baryonic Tully-Fisher

7.2.The Baryonic Tully-Fisher

7.3.The universal rotation curve and the radial Tully-Fisher

8.THE DARK MATTER DISTRIBUTION IN DISK SYSTEMS

8.1.Dark matter from stacked RCs

8.2.Dark matter from individual RCs

8.2.1.The Galaxy

8.3.Low surface brightness galaxies

8.4.Dwarf disks

9.THE DISTRIBUTION OF MATTER IN SPHEROIDS

9.1.The fundamental plane in ellipticals

9.2.The dark matter distribution in ellipticals

9.3.DM in dwarf spheroidals

10.THE LM/DM UNIVERSAL PROPERTIES

10.1.The cored distributions of dark matter halos around galaxies

10.2.The dark-luminous matter coupling 2.0

11.CONCLUSIONS

12.FUTURE DIRECTIONS

REFERENCES