A Compilation of over 200 Published Distances to the
LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD
(Version Date: May 04, 2007)
Based on 24 Independent Methods derived from the published literature
Distances (Column 3) are given in kiloparsecs (kpc) and are displayed to three significant digits when uncertainties in the distance moduli are published; when no uncertainty is given the distances are displayed to only two significant digits.
For each method (Column 4: Cepheids, TRGB, PNLF, etc.) the references (Column 5: REFCODE) are listed in order of increasing distance modulus (Column 1: (m-M)). Cryptic notes pertaining to the individual application are given in Column 6 (Notes).
The precursor publications of Benedict et al. (2002AJ....123..473B) and Gibson (2000MmSAI..71..693G) were invaluable in seeding the early preparation of this compilation.
Ian P. Steer (Toronto)
Barry F. Madore (Pasadena)
m-M
err
D
Method
REFCODE
Notes (mag)
(mag)
(kpc)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) 18.08
0.14
41.3
Cepheids
1992SvAL...18..405K
18.23
0.07
44.3
Cepheids
2000AcA....50..279U
OGLE-II, BVI(WI) 18.25
. . .
44.7
Cepheids
2000yCat..41430211B
BVRI 18.29
0.17
45.5
Cepheids
1998A&A...335L..81L
18.30
0.04
45.7
Cepheids
2003AJ....125.1261D
18.32
0.01
46.1
Cepheids
2003AJ....125.1261D
18.35
0.03
46.8
Cepheids
2002A&A...389...19P
MW GFG 18.37
0.14
47.2
Cepheids
2002A&A...389...19P
MW P02 18.37
. . .
47.2
Cepheids
2002A&A...389...19P
MW Hipparcos 18.42
0.10
48.3
Cepheids
2000ApJ...533L.107G
BW, HV12198, IR SB 18.42
0.30
48.3
Cepheids
1999ApJ...512..711B
V, PL 18.42
0.11
48.3
Cepheids
1997AJ....113...13B
18.44
0.35
48.8
Cepheids
1998ApJ...492..110M
16, BV 18.45
0.07
49.0
Cepheids
2004A&A...415..531S
OGLE, I 18.46
0.07
49.2
Cepheids
2004A&A...415..531S
OGLE, W 18.46
0.02
49.2
Cepheids
1999IAUS..190..534G
CP-SBF(I) 18.46
0.02
49.2
Cepheids
1998ApJ...496...17G
BW, VIJHK, Barnes-Evans ISB, MWPL 18.47
0.07
49.4
Cepheids
2004A&A...415..531S
OGLE, V 18.47
0.20
49.4
Cepheids
1994ApJ...433L..73G
3, VI(BW) 18.48
0.07
49.7
Cepheids
2004A&A...415..531S
OGLE, BVRIJK m-M
err
D
Method
REFCODE
Notes (mag)
(mag)
(kpc)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) 18.48
0.13
49.7
Cepheids
2002ApJ...574L..33B
VI 18.50
0.05
50.1
Cepheids
2006MmSAI..77..261S
18.50
0.10
50.1
Cepheids
2004ApJ...608...42S
VIHJK 18.50
0.05
50.1
Cepheids
2004AJ....128.2239P
92, JHK 18.50
. . .
50.0
Cepheids
2004AJ....127.2031K
18.50
0.07
50.1
Cepheids
2004A&A...415..531S
OGLE, K 18.50
. . .
50.1
Cepheids
2003AJ....125.1261D
18.50
. . .
50.1
Cepheids
2002ApJS..142...71S
34,BVRI 18.50
0.13
50.1
Cepheids
2002AJ....124.1695B
U99,V 18.50
0.13
50.1
Cepheids
2000ApJS..128..431F
18.50
0.13
50.1
Cepheids
1998ApJ...492..110M
13, BVJK 18.51
0.05
50.4
Cepheids
1998MmSAI..69...99W
18.52
0.18
50.6
Cepheids
2000A&A...356..849G
K, avg of 3PL, 3PL(Z), and 3PLC 18.53
0.08
50.7
Cepheids
2002ApJ...574L..33B
VI 18.53
0.14
50.7
Cepheids
1998ApJ...492..110M
10, BVIJK 18.53
0.04
50.7
Cepheids
1994MNRAS.266..441L
115, VJHK 18.54
. . .
51.1
Cepheids
2004A&A...424...43S
685, BVI 18.54
0.19
51.1
Cepheids
2000A&A...356..849G
K 18.55
. . .
51.3
Cepheids
2004A&A...420..655G
10, BVIK 18.55
0.06
51.3
Cepheids
2003LNP...635...21F
VIWJHK m-M
err
D
Method
REFCODE
Notes (mag)
(mag)
(kpc)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) 18.55
0.02
51.3
Cepheids
2002ApJ...578..144K
18.55
0.08
51.3
Cepheids
2000ApJ...533..215C
18.55
0.08
51.3
Cepheids
2000ApJ...533..215C
18.55
0.10
51.3
Cepheids
2000ApJ...533..215C
BW 18.56
0.04
51.5
Cepheids
2005ApJ...627..224G
13, VIWJK 18.56
0.03
51.5
Cepheids
2003MNRAS.342L..58K
18.55
0.10
51.3
Cepheids
2000ApJ...533..215C
BW 18.56
0.04
51.5
Cepheids
2005ApJ...627..224G
13, VIWJK 18.56
0.03
51.5
Cepheids
2003MNRAS.342L..58K
18.56
0.08
51.5
Cepheids
1998MNRAS.294L..41O
20, Parallax 18.57
0.18
51.7
Cepheids
2004Ap.....47...18A
Hipparcos 18.57
0.05
51.8
Cepheids
1999ApJ...522..250S
I 18.57
0.11
51.8
Cepheids
1998ApJ...492..110M
7, BVIJHK 18.57
0.11
51.8
Cepheids
1998ApJ...492..110M
8, VcJHK 18.58
0.15
52.0
Cepheids
2002AJ....124.1695B
U99,V 18.58
0.02
52.0
Cepheids
1997ApJ...486...60D
BW, VK 18.59
0.04
52.2
Cepheids
2002AJ....124.1213D
VI 18.59
0.15
52.2
Cepheids
1998ApJ...492..110M
7, K 18.60
0.11
52.5
Cepheids
2000A&A...356..849G
VIK(W) "best" 18.60
. . .
52.5
Cepheids
1999IAUS..190..557M
PCL 18.60
0.15
52.5
Cepheids
1998ApJ...492..110M
7, H 18.60
. . .
52.5
Cepheids
1995ApJ...449..164S
18.62
0.17
53.0
Cepheids
1999ApJ...512..711B
V, PLC 18.62
0.12
53.0
Cepheids
1999ApJ...512..711B
K, PL m-M
err
D
Method
REFCODE
Notes (mag)
(mag)
(kpc)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) 18.62
0.18
53.0
Cepheids
1998ApJ...492..110M
7, J 18.63
. . .
53.2
Cepheids
1999ApJ...525..784C
BVI 18.64
0.02
53.5
Cepheids
1995ApJ...452..195D
V, V-K 18.65
0.10
53.7
Cepheids
2003A&A...410..887G
18.65
0.10
53.7
Cepheids
1993AJ....106..734G
18.66
0.15
54.0
Cepheids
2000A&A...356..849G
VIK, avg of 3PL, 3PL(Z), 3PLC 18.68
0.07
54.5
Cepheids
1994A&A...285..819D
VK (CPR) 18.69
0.08
54.7
Cepheids
1994A&A...285..819D
VK (CPL) 18.70
0.16
55.0
Cepheids
2000ApJ...533..215C
TP 18.70
. . .
55.0
Cepheids
1999ASPC..167..198H
K 18.70
0.10
55.0
Cepheids
1997MNRAS.286L...1F
18.70
0.02
55.0
Cepheids
1997hipp.conf..629P
BVRI+ 18.72
0.02
55.5
Cepheids
1997hipp.conf..629P
BVRI 18.72
0.09
55.5
Cepheids
1999PASP..111..775F
18.74
0.13
56.0
Cepheids
1999ApJ...512..711B
K, PLC 18.74
0.24
56.0
Cepheids
1998ApJ...492..110M
7, V 18.77
0.24
56.8
Cepheids
1998ApJ...492..110M
7, I 18.82
. . .
58.1
Cepheids
1999ApJ...522..250S
B 18.83
. . .
58.3
Cepheids
1999ApJ...522..250S
V 18.86
0.36
59.2
Cepheids
1998ApJ...492..110M
7, B m-M
err
D
Method
REFCODE
Notes (mag)
(mag)
(kpc)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) 18.87
0.07
59.4
Cepheids
2004ASPC..310...95B
12, V 18.24
0.08
44.5
TRGB
2000AcA....50..279U
18.52
0.09
50.6
TRGB
2003AJ....125.1261D
18.59
0.09
52.2
TRGB
2004ApJ...608...42S
18.59
0.09
52.2
TRGB
2000AJ....119.1197S
18.69
0.25
54.7
TRGB
2000ApJ...530..738R
18.35
0.08
46.8
PNLF
1999phcc.conf..125W
18.44
0.18
48.8
PNLF
1990ApJ...365..471J
18.50
0.18
50.1
PNLF
1999phcc.conf..125W
19.42
. . .
76.6
Tully-Fisher
LEDA, April 2006
18.22
0.13
44.1
Eclipsing Binary
1998ApJ...509L..25U
HV2274 18.25
0.25
44.7
Eclipsing Binary
2001AAS...198.0309M
EROS-1044 18.30
0.07
45.7
Eclipsing Binary
2000ApJ...533..215C
18.30
0.07
45.7
Eclipsing Binary
1998ApJ...509L..21G
18.39
0.05
47.6
Eclipsing Binary
2005A&A...434.1077M
18.40
0.07
47.9
Eclipsing Binary
2000AJ....119.1205N
HV2274 18.41
. . .
48.0
Eclipsing Binary
2005astro.ph..7648M
18.42
. . .
48.3
Eclipsing Binary
2004ASPC..310..363G
18.44
0.07
48.8
Eclipsing Binary
1998uabi.conf..315G
HV2274 18.46
0.08
49.2
Eclipsing Binary
2004NewAR..48..659A
m-M
err
D
Method
REFCODE
Notes (mag)
(mag)
(kpc)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) 18.51
0.02
50.4
Eclipsing Binary
2005A&A...434.1077M
18.52
0.06
50.6
Eclipsing Binary
2002ApJ...564..260F
18.54
0.08
51.1
Eclipsing Binary
1997AAS...191.0313G
HV2274 18.30
0.15
45.7
Maser
2002ApJ...566..833C
NGC 4258 18.31
0.11
45.9
Maser
2001ApJ...553..562N
NGC 4258 18.48
0.13
49.5
Maser
2002ApJ...566..833C
NGC 4258 18.07
0.15
41.1
RR Lyrae
1998ApJ...506..259P
18.10
. . .
41.7
RR Lyrae
1992MmSAI..63..331L
18.23
0.07
44.3
RR Lyrae
2000AcA....50..279U
18.23
0.08
44.3
RR Lyrae
1999phcc.conf...53P
18.23
0.04
44.3
RR Lyrae
1998AstL...24..171F
18.24
0.08
44.5
RR Lyrae
2001MNRAS.321..502P
18.26
0.15
44.9
RR Lyrae
1998A&A...330..515F
18.28
0.14
45.3
RR Lyrae
1998ApJ...506..259P
18.28
0.13
45.3
RR Lyrae
1996AJ....112.2110L
18.30
0.14
45.7
RR Lyrae
2003AJ....125.1309C
18.31
0.14
45.9
RR Lyrae
1998ApJ...506..259P
18.32
0.08
46.1
RR Lyrae
2005tdug.conf..707R
18.33
0.08
46.3
RR Lyrae
1999phcc.conf...53P
18.37
0.10
47.2
RR Lyrae
1997MNRAS.284..994C
m-M
err
D
Method
REFCODE
Notes (mag)
(mag)
(kpc)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) 18.37
0.23
47.2
RR Lyrae
1998A&A...335L..81L
18.38
0.16
47.4
RR Lyrae
2003AJ....125.1309C
18.38
0.10
47.4
RR Lyrae
2002AJ....123..473B
18.38
0.12
47.4
RR Lyrae
2000ApJ...533..215C
18.40
0.20
47.9
RR Lyrae
2000ApJ...533..215C
BW 18.43
0.06
48.5
RR Lyrae
2004AJ....127..334A
18.44
0.10
48.8
RR Lyrae
1997MNRAS.284..994C
18.45
0.09
49.0
RR Lyrae
2003AJ....125.1309C
18.46
0.03
49.2
RR Lyrae
2006MmSAI..77..214D
K 18.47
0.07
49.4
RR Lyrae
2004MmSAI..75..138D
18.47
0.07
49.4
RR Lyrae
2003AJ....125.1261D
18.47
0.19
49.4
RR Lyrae
2000ApJ...533..215C
18.48
0.08
49.7
RR Lyrae
2004A&A...423...97B
18.52
0.09
50.5
RR Lyrae
2004ASPC..310...60C
18.52
0.09
50.5
RR Lyrae
2003AJ....125.1309C
18.52
0.02
50.6
RR Lyrae
2000A&A...363L...1K
18.53
0.10
50.8
RR Lyrae
2002AJ....123..473B
18.53
0.10
50.8
RR Lyrae
1997PASP..109..857M
BW 18.53
0.04
50.8
RR Lyrae
1997MNRAS.284..761F
BW 18.55
0.03
51.3
RR Lyrae
2003MNRAS.342L..58K
m-M
err
D
Method
REFCODE
Notes (mag)
(mag)
(kpc)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) 18.55
0.15
51.3
RR Lyrae
1992MmSAI..63..479W
18.57
0.19
51.8
RR Lyrae
1997ApJ...482...89A
18.58
0.10
52.0
RR Lyrae
2004ASPC..310...60C
18.61
0.28
52.7
RR Lyrae
1999A&A...348L..33G
18.64
0.04
53.5
RR Lyrae
2001PASP..113..335M
18.07
0.03
41.0
Red Clump
1998ApJ...500L.141S
18.08
0.03
41.3
Red Clump
1998AcA....48....1U
18.13
0.07
42.7
Red Clump
1998AcA....48..113U
18.18
0.06
43.3
Red Clump
1998AcA....48..383U
18.24
0.08
44.5
Red Clump
2000AcA....50..191S
18.27
0.07
45.1
Red Clump
2000ApJ...528L...9P
18.28
0.14
45.3
Red Clump
1998MNRAS.301..149G
18.29
0.03
45.5
Red Clump
2000AJ....119.1197S
18.30
. . .
45.7
Red Clump
1998AJ....116..209B
18.32
0.17
46.1
Red Clump
1999AJ....117.1816T
18.33
0.07
46.3
Red Clump
2001MNRAS.321..502P
18.36
0.17
47.0
Red Clump
1998ApJ...500L.137C
18.42
0.07
48.3
Red Clump
2003AJ....125.1309C
18.42
0.17
48.3
Red Clump
1999AJ....117.1816T
18.42
0.17
48.3
Red Clump
2003AJ....125.1309C
18.43
0.06
48.5
Red Clump
1998ApJ...500L.137C
m-M
err
D
Method
REFCODE
Notes (mag)
(mag)
(kpc)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) 18.44
0.07
48.8
Red Clump
2001MNRAS.321..502P
18.44
0.05
48.8
Red Clump
2000ApJ...528L...9P
18.45
0.07
49.0
Red Clump
2003AJ....125.1309C
18.46
0.11
49.2
Red Clump
2003AJ....125.1261D
18.47
0.01
49.5
Red Clump
2002AJ....124.2633P
18.49
0.03
50.0
Red Clump
2002ApJ...573L..51A
18.50
0.20
50.1
Red Clump
2001MNRAS.323..109G
18.53
0.07
50.8
Red Clump
2003A&A...410..887G
18.54
0.10
51.1
Red Clump
2002AJ....124.2625S
18.55
0.05
51.3
Red Clump
2001MNRAS.323..109G
18.59
0.04
52.2
Red Clump
2000ApJ...530..738R
18.71
0.07
55.2
Red Clump
2000AcA....50..279U
18.37
0.04
47.2
SNII optical
1998ApJ...494..118G
SN1987A 18.45
. . .
49.0
SNII optical
1996ApJ...466..911E
SN1987A 18.46
0.12
49.2
SNII optical
2002ApJ...574..293M
SN1987A 18.55
0.05
51.3
SNII optical
2000ApJ...530..738R
SN1987A 18.55
0.07
51.3
SNII optical
1999phcc.conf..125W
SN1987A 18.58
0.05
52.0
SNII optical
1999IAUS..190..549P
SN1987A 18.67
0.05
54.2
SNII optical
1997astro.ph..7144L
SN1987A 19.26
. . .
71.0
SNII radio
1998ApJ...500...51W
SN1987A m-M
err
D
Method
REFCODE
Notes (mag)
(mag)
(kpc)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) 18.50
0.11
50.1
GC radii
2000ApJ...533..215C
18.70
0.25
55.0
Novae
1990ApJ...360...63C
18.33
0.05
46.3
CMD
2001ApJ...560L.139W
Main Sequence Fitting 18.45
. . .
49.0
CMD
2006A&A...452..155K
NGC 1818 cluster 18.55
. . .
51.3
CMD
2006A&A...452..155K
Hodge 14 cluster 18.55
. . .
51.3
CMD
2006A&A...452..155K
NGC 1805 cluster 18.58
0.08
52.0
CMD
2003A&A...410..887G
Main Sequence Fitting 18.61
0.07
52.7
CMD
2002A&A...390..121K
Main Sequence Fitting 18.70
. . .
55.0
CMD
2006A&A...452..155K
NGC 1831 cluster 18.70
. . .
55.0
CMD
2006A&A...452..155K
NGC 1868 cluster 18.50
. . .
50.1
Blue Supergiants
2003LNP...635..149B
18.49
0.11
49.9
Horizontal Branch
2000ApJ...533..215C
Trigonometric Parallax 18.48
0.08
49.7
Miras
2004ASPC..310..304F
Long Period Variables 18.54
0.18
51.1
Miras
2000ApJ...533..215C
Long Period Variables 18.54
0.18
51.1
Miras
1997MNRAS.287..955V
Long Period Variables 18.64
0.14
53.5
Miras
2000MNRAS.319..759W
Long Period Variables 18.66
0.05
54.0
Miras
1990AJ.....99..784H
Long Period Variables 18.50
0.17
50.1
Carbon stars
1998A&A...332L..53B
18.70
0.25
55.0
Carbon stars
1999ApJ...524L.111V
Lithium-rich 18.50
0.14
50.1
GC dynamics
1998ApJ...494...96C
m-M
err
D
Method
REFCODE
Notes (mag)
(mag)
(kpc)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) 18.40
0.15
47.9
White Dwarfs
2000ApJ...533..215C
cooling sequence 18.64
0.12
53.5
Subdwarf fitting
2000ApJ...533..215C
18.65
0.10
53.7
Subdwarf fitting
1997AJ....114..161R
18.34
0.09
46.6
M stars luminosity