Published in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement
Series, Volume 217, Issue 2, article id. 32, 46 pp. (2015).
https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.00454
A CLASSICAL MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF GALAXIES IN THE SPITZER SURVEY
OF STELLAR STRUCTURE IN GALAXIES (S4G)
Ronald J. Buta 1,
Kartik Sheth 2,
E. Athanassoula 3,
A. Bosma 3,
Johan H. Knapen 4,5,
Eija Laurikainen 6,7,
Heikki Salo 6,
Debra Elmegreen 8,
Luis C. Ho 9,10,11,
Dennis Zaritsky 12,
Helene Courtois 13,14,
Joannah L. Hinz 12,
Juan-Carlos Muñoz-Mateos 2,15,
Taehyun Kim 2,15,16,
Michael W. Regan 17,
Dimitri A. Gadotti 15,
Armando Gil de Paz 18,
Jarkko Laine 6,
Karín Menéndez-Delmestre 19,
Sébastien Comerón 6,7,
Santiago Erroz Ferrer 4,5,
Mark Seibert 20,
Trisha Mizusawa 2,21,
Benne Holwerda 22,
Barry F. Madore 20
1 Department
of Physics & Astronomy,
University of Alabama,
Box 870324, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0324
2 National
Radio Astronomy Observatory / NAASC, 520 Edgemont
Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903
3 Aix
Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire
d’Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France
4 Departamento de Astrofísica,
Universidad de La Laguna,
38206 La Laguna, Spain
5 Instituto de
Astrofísica de Canarias, Vía
Láctea s/n 38205 La Laguna, Spain
6 Division of Astronomy, Department of Physical Sciences,
University of
Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
7 Finnish Centre of Astronomy with ESO (FINCA),
University of Turku,
Vaisalantie 20, FI-21500, Piikio, Finland
8 Vassar
College,
Deparment of Physics & Astronomy,
Poughkeepsie, NY 12604
9 Kavli
Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics,
Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
10 Department of Astronomy,
Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
11 The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for
Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
12 Steward
Observatory,
University of
Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721
13 Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique
Nucléaire, Lyon, France
14 Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii,
2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 26822
15 European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001,
Santiago 19, Chile
16 Astronomy Program,
Department of
Physics and Astronomy,
Seoul National
University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
17 Space
Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive,
Baltimore, MD 21218
18 Departamento de Astrofisica,
Universidad Complutense de
Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
19 University of Rio de Janeiro,
Observatório de
Valongo,
Ladeira Pedro Antonio, 43, CEP 20080-090, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
20 The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for
Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101
21 Department of Physics and Space Sciences,
Florida Institute of
Technology, 150 W. University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901
22 University of Leiden, Sterrenwacht Leiden, Niels Bohrweg
2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
Abstract: The Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in
Galaxies (S4G) is
the largest available database of deep, homogeneous middle-infrared
(mid-IR) images of galaxies of all types. The survey, which includes
2352 nearby galaxies, reveals galaxy morphology only minimally affected
by interstellar extinction. This paper presents an atlas and
classifications of S4G galaxies in the Comprehensive de
Vaucouleurs revised Hubble-Sandage (CVRHS) system. The CVRHS system
follows the precepts of classical de Vaucouleurs (1959) morphology,
modified to include recognition of other features such as inner, outer,
and nuclear lenses, nuclear rings, bars, and disks, spheroidal galaxies,
X patterns and box/peanut structures, OLR subclass outer rings and
pseudorings, bar ansae and barlenses, parallel sequence late-types,
thick disks, and embedded disks in 3D early-type systems. We show that
our CVRHS classifications are internally consistent, and that nearly
half of the S4G sample consists of extreme late-type systems
(mostly bulgeless,
pure disk galaxies) in the range Scd-Im. The most common family
classification for mid-IR types S0/a to Sc is SA while that for types
Scd to Sm is SB. The bars in these two type domains are very different
in mid-IR structure and morphology. This paper examines the bar, ring,
and type classification fractions in the sample, and also includes
several montages of images highlighting the various kinds of “stellar
structures” seen in mid-IR galaxy morphology.
The paper is in pdf format.