© CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2000

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Chapter Contents

1. INTRODUCTION

   1.1 The stars

   1.2 Our Milky Way

   1.3 Other Galaxies

   1.4 Galaxies in the expanding universe

   1.5 The pregalactic era: a brief history of matter

2. MAPPING OUR MILKY WAY

   2.1 The solar neighborhood

   2.2 The stars in the Galaxy

   2.3 Galactic rotation

3. THE ORBITS OF THE STARS

   3.1 Motion under gravity

   3.2. Why the Galaxy isn't bumpy: two-body relaxation

   3.3. Orbits of disk stars: epicycles

   3.4 The collisionless Boltzmann equation

4. OUR BACKYARD: THE LOCAL GROUP

   4.1 Satellites of the Milky Way

   4.2 Spirals of the Local Group

   4.3 How did the Local Group galaxies form?

   4.4 Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group

   4.5 Past and future of the Local Group

5. SPIRAL AND S0 GALAXIES

   5.1 The distribution of starlight

   5.2 Observing the gas

   5.3 Gas motions and the masses of disk galaxies

   5.4 Spiral arms and galactic bars

   5.5 Bulges and centers of disk galaxies

   5.6 Groups: the homes of disk galaxies

6. ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES

   6.1 Photometry

   6.2 Motions of the stars

   6.3 Stellar populations and gas

   6.4 Dark matter and black holes

   6.5 Galaxy clusters: the domain of elliptical galaxies

7. LARGE-SCALE DISTRIBUTION OF GALAXIES

   7.1 Observations of large-scale structure

   7.2 Expansion of a homogeneous Universe

   7.3 Growth of structure: peculiar motions

   7.4 Growth of structure: clusters, walls, and voids

8. ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI AND THE EARLY HISTORY OF GALAXIES

   8.1 Active galactic nuclei

   8.2 Quasar absorption lines

   8.3 The first galaxies

9. APPENDIX

   A. Units and conversions

   B. Bibliography

   C. Hints for problems

   Index