The Byurakan Surveys

Using objective-prism techniques Markarian and his associates [98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112] have been identifying galaxies with strong ultraviolet continua. They found two main types: (i) the source of the ultraviolet radiation is the nucleus of the galaxy or (ii) sources of emission and ultraviolet continuum radiation are spread throughout the galaxy. The first type further subdivides into (a) Seyfert galaxies and (b) simple, bright-nucleus (BN) galaxies [203]. The second type includes (a) simple irregular galaxies with active star formation and (b) intrinsically faint systems showing strong high-excitation emission lines. These are the ``extragalactic H II regions'' in [167] and are also found in the lists of compact galaxies [210] because of their high surface brightness and small physical dimensions.

A massive compilation of data and literature on Markarian galaxies complete up to 1985 is presented in [123]. A review of the status of the First Byurakan Survey can be found in [88], and that of the Second Byurakan Spectral Sky Survey [113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118] is in [119]. A morphological study of 40 Markarian galaxies [17].

Galaxies with UV continua, but also having double or multiple nuclei are listed in [141, 156], with follow-up studies in [84, 142, 143].

Click here to see the NED listing of Markarian galaxies.