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2.6.4. Physical Methods: Summary

Physical methods now yield the Hubble constant which can be compared with that from ladders. TABLE 7 presents a summary of H0 from the physical methods. However, effort is still needed to determine systematic errors associated with the use of specific methods.

Table 7. Hubble constant from ladders and physical methods

method H0 reference

ladders 71 ± 7(x 0.95-1.15)
physical: EPM 73 ± 9 Schmidt et al. 1994
physical: lensing (low Omega) 74 ± 8 Koopmans & Fassnacht 1999
      (EdS) 69 ± 7
physical: ZS (54 ± 14) Myers et al 1997