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Article Contents

ABSTRACT

1.MOTIVATION

2.EARLY CLUES FROM PHOTOMETRY

3.METHODS BASED ON STELLAR KINEMATICS

4.METHODS BASED ON GAS KINEMATICS

4.1.Optical Emission Lines

4.2.Radio Spectroscopy of Water Masers

4.3.Determining Central Masses of Active Galactic Nuclei

5.INDIRECT, BUT TANTALIZING EVIDENCE

6.ARE THE MASSIVE DARK OBJECTS REALLY BLACK HOLES?

7.THE BLACK-HOLE MASS/BULGE MASS RELATION

8.ARE SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES UBIQUITOUS?

9.SOME IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

REFERENCES