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Article Contents

ABSTRACT

1.INTRODUCTION

2.SECULAR EVOLUTION AND THE FORMATION OF PSEUDOBULGES

2.1.Enlarged List of Bulge-Pseudobulge Classification Criteria

2.2.Secular Evolution in Disk Galaxies: Applications

3.GIANT CLUMPS IN HIGH-Z GAS-RICH DISKS MAKE CLASSICAL BULGES

4.MAKING CLASSICAL BULGES AND ELLIPTICALS BY MAJOR MERGERS

4.1.Observer's Perspective on Bulge Formation Via Major Mergers

4.1.1.Observed Properties of Ellipticals: Clues to Their Formation

4.1.2.Classical Bulges Resemble Coreless-Disky-Rotating Ellipticals

4.1.3.The Critically Important Target for Galaxy Formation

4.1.4.Critical Obserational Clue: The Problem of Giant, Pure-Disk Galaxies Depends on Environment, Not on Galaxy Mass

4.1.5.It is not a problem that major mergers are rare

4.1.6.Uncertainties With Our Picture of Bulge Formation in Major Mergers

4.1.7.The Problem of Giant, Pure-Disk Galaxies: Conclusion

5.UNIVERSAL SCALING RELATIONS FOR ALL GALAXIES?

6.COEVOLUTION OF SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES AND HOST GALAXIES

6.1.Correlations Between BH Mass and Host Galaxy Properties from Kormendy & Ho (2013)

6.2.AGN Feedback and the Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies

7.QUENCHING OF STAR FORMATION

8.A PARTIAL SUMMARY OF OUTSTANDING PROBLEMS

REFERENCS