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Article Contents

ABSTRACT

1.INTRODUCTION

2.EMISSION LINE DIAGNOSTICS
2.1.Overview
2.2.Origin of the Broad Emission Lines
2.3.Strategies for Abundance Work
2.4.Basics of Abundance Analysis
2.4.1.Collisionally-Excited Lines
2.4.2.Recombination Lines
2.4.3.Deriving Abundance Ratios
2.5.Photoionization Simulations
2.6.Abundance Diagnostics and Results

3.ABSORPTION LINE DIAGNOSTICS
3.1.Overview: Types of Absorption Lines
3.2.General Abundance Analysis
3.3.Broad Absorption Line Results
3.4.Narrow Absorption Line Results

4.GENERAL ABUNDANCE SUMMARY

5.ENRICHMENT SCENARIOS
5.1.Occam's Razor: The Case for Normal Galactic Chemical Evolution

6.MORE INSIGHTS FROM GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION
6.1.The Galactic Mass-Metallicity Relation
6.2.Specific Abundance Predictions
6.3.Fe/alpha as a Clock
6.4.Nitrogen Abundances

7.IMPLICATIONS OF QSO ABUNDANCES
7.1.High-Redshift Star Formation
7.2.Fe/alpha : Timescales and Cosmology
7.3.Comparisons to Other Results

8.FUTURE PROSPECTS

REFERENCES