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Article Contents
- ASBTRACT
- 1.INTRODUCTION
- 2.OBSERVATIONAL METHODS FOR MEASURING
ABUNDANCES
- 2.1.Spectroscopy of H II Regions and
Planetary Nebulae
- 2.1.1.Observational
Considerations
- 2.1.2.The Direct Method
- 2.1.3."Empirical" (Strong-Line)
Calibrations
- 2.1.4.Photoionization Models
- 2.2.Spectroscopy of Individual
Stars
- 2.3.Stellar Photometry and
Color-Magnitude Diagrams
- 2.4.Spectrum Synthesis of
Stellar Populations
- 2.5.Surface Photometry and Galaxy
Colors
- 3.ABUNDANCES IN LOCAL GROUP DWARF
ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES
- 3.1.Metallicities
- 3.2.Element Ratios
- 4.ABUNDANCE PROFILES IN SPIRALS AND
IRREGULARS
- 4.1.Gas and Stellar Masses
- 4.1.1.Neutral and Molecular Gas
- 4.1.2.Stellar Mass Densities
- 4.2.Spatial Abundance Profiles
- 4.3.Metallicity versus Galaxy
Luminosity/Mass
- 4.4.Abundance Gradient Variations
- 4.5.Metallicity vs. Surface
Brightness
- 4.6.Barred Spirals
- 4.7.Spiral Bulges
- 4.8.Cluster Spirals and
Environment
- 5.ELEMENT ABUNDANCE RATIOS IN SPIRAL
AND IRREGULAR GALAXIES
- 5.1.Helium
- 5.2.Carbon
- 5.3.Nitrogen
- 5.4.Neon, Sulfur and Argon
- 5.5.Other Elements
- 6.OPEN QUESTIONS AND CONCLUDING
REMARKS
- REFERENCES