Course of lectures at the XIII Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, "Cosmochemistry: The Melting Pot of Elements" (November 19 - 30, 2001; Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain).
astro-ph/0208186

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Abstract. Of the light nuclides observed in the universe today, D, ³He, ⁴He, and ⁷Li are relics from its early evolution. The primordial abundances of these relics, produced via Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) during the first half hour of the evolution of the universe provide a unique window on Physics and Cosmology at redshifts ~ 10¹⁰. Comparing the BBN-predicted abundances with those inferred from observational data tests the consistency of the standard cosmological model over ten orders of magnitude in redshift, constrains the baryon and other particle content of the universe, and probes both Physics and Cosmology beyond the current standard models. These lectures are intended to introduce students, both of theory and observation, to those aspects of the evolution of the universe relevant to the production and evolution of the light nuclides from the Big Bang to the present. The current observational data is reviewed and compared with the BBN predictions and the implications for cosmology (e.g. universal baryon density) and particle physics (e.g. relativistic energy density) are discussed. While this comparison reveals the stunning success of the standard model(s), there are currently some challenges which leave open the door for more theoretical and observational work with potential implications for astronomy, cosmology, and particle physics.

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION
• THE EARLY EVOLUTION OF THE UNIVERSE
• Redshift
• Dynamics
• Counting Relativistic Degrees of Freedom
• "Extra" Relativistic Energy
• BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AND THE PRIMORDIAL ABUNDANCES
• An Early Universe Chronology
• Neutron - Proton Interconversion
• Building The Elements
• The SBBN-Predicted Abundances
• Variations On A Theme: Non-Standard BBN
• OBSERVATIONAL STATUS OF THE RELIC ABUNDANCES
• Deuterium
• Helium-3
• Helium-4
• Lithium-7
• CONFRONTATION OF THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS WITH OBSERVATIONAL DATA
• Deuterium - The Baryometer Of Choice
• SBBN Baryon Density - The Baryon Density At 20 Minutes
• CMB Baryon Density - The Baryon Density At A Few Hundred Thousand Years
• The Baryon Density At 10 Gyr
• Baryon Density Concordance
• Testing The Consistency Of SBBN
• BBN IN NON-STANDARD MODELS
• Degenerate BBN
• SUMMARY
• REFERENCES