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Article Contents

ABSTRACT

1.INTRODUCTION

2.THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

2.1.The Big Bang Model and its Parameters

2.2.The Gravitational Instability Paradigm

2.3.Power Spectra, Initial Conditions, and Dark Matter

2.3.1.The Correlation Function

2.4.The Relation Between the Mass and Galaxy Density Fields

2.5.Outstanding Questions

3.REDSHIFT SURVEYS: SETTING THE QUANTITATIVE GROUNDWORK

3.1.The Variety of Redshift Surveys

3.2.History of Redshift Surveys

3.3.The Measurement of Galaxy Redshifts

3.4.Determination of the Luminosity and Selection Functions

3.5.Luminosity Functions: Scientific Results

3.6.Testing the Hubble Law with Redshift Surveys

3.7.The Smoothed Density Field

3.8.Filling in the Galactic Plane

4.REDSHIFT SURVEYS: A COSMOGRAPHICAL TOUR

5.REDSHIFT SURVEYS: GALAXY CLUSTERING

5.1.The Two-Point Correlation Function

5.2.Distortions in the Clustering Statistics

5.2.1.Redshift Space Distortions

5.2.2.Non-linear Effects

5.3.The Power Spectrum

5.4.Higher-Order Statistics

5.5.The Density Distribution Function and Counts in Cells

5.6.Topology and Related Issues

5.7.The Dipole

5.8.Spherical Harmonics

5.9.Recovering the Real Space Density Field

5.10Clustering of Different Types of Galaxies

6.PECULIAR VELOCITY FIELDS: TECHNIQUES OF MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS

6.1.Galaxian Distance Indicator Relations

6.1.1.The Tully-Fisher Relation for Spiral Galaxies

6.1.2.The Faber-Jackson and D_n- Relations for Elliptical Galaxies

6.2.Universality of the Distance Indicator Relations

6.3.Beyond TF and D_n-: A Look to the Future?

6.3.1.Surface Brightness Fluctuations

6.3.2.BCG L- relation

6.3.3.Possible Methods of Future Peculiar Velocity Work

6.4.Statistical Bias and Methods of Peculiar Velocity Analysis

6.4.1.Selection vs. Malmquist Bias - Method I vs. Method II

6.4.2.Bias in a Cluster Sample

6.4.3.Bias in a Field Sample

6.4.4."Inverse" Distance Indicator Relations

6.4.5.The "Method Matrix" of Peculiar Velocity Analysis

6.5.Quantifying Statistical Bias

6.5.1.Forward DIs: Selection Bias

6.5.2.Forward DIs: Malmquist Bias

6.5.3.Distance-Dependent Selection Functions: The "Gould Effect"

6.5.4.Inverse DIs: Selection Bias

6.5.5.Inverse DIs: Malmquist Bias

6.5.6.The Method of Landy and Szalay

7.STATISTICAL MEASURES OF THE VELOCITY FIELD

7.1.A History of Observations of Large-Scale Flow

7.1.1.Early Work

7.1.2.1986-1990: The "Great Attractor"

7.1.3.1990-1994: Very Large-Scale Streaming?

7.1.4.The Lauer-Postman Result

7.1.5.Bulk Flows: A Summary

7.2.Homogeneous Peculiar Velocity Catalogs

7.3.Velocity Correlation Function

7.4.The Cosmic Mach Number

7.5.Reconstructing the Three-Dimensional Velocity Field

7.5.1.The Initial Density Distribution Function

7.5.2.Higher-Order Moments of the Velocity Field

7.5.3.Voids in the Reconstructed Density Field

7.5.4.Other Approaches to Reconstructing the Velocity Field

8.COMPARING THE DENSITY AND VELOCITY FIELDS

8.1.Comparison via the Velocity Field

8.1.1.Cluster Infall Models

8.1.2.Unparameterized Velocity Field Models

8.1.3.Method II⁺

8.2.Comparison via the Density Field

9.DISCUSSION

9.1.The Initial Power Spectrum

9.2.The Distribution Function of the Initial Fluctuations

9.3.The Gravitational Instability Paradigm

9.4.The Value of ₀

9.5.The Relative Distribution of Galaxies and Mass

9.6.Is the Big Bang Model Right?

9.7.The Future

REFERENCES