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Book Contents

PREFACE

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

I.THE OBSERVABLE REGION AS A SAMPLE OF THE UNIVERSE
I.1The Observational Approach to Cosmology
I.2The Copernican Revolution
I.3The Theory of Island Universes
I.4Nebulae as Island Universes
I.5Family Characteristics of Nebulae
I.6Criteria of Nebular Distances
I.7The Average Nebula
I.8Distribution of Nebulae over the Sky
I.9Distribution of Nebulae in Depth
I.10The Observable Region as a Sample of the Universe

II.THE ROLE OF THE RED-SHIFTS
II.1Spectrum Analysis
II.2Red-shifts
II.3Possible Interpretations of Red-Shifts
II.4Red-Shifts as Velocity-Shifts
II.5Red-Shifts as Loss of Energy in Transit
II.6The Critical Test between Alternative Interpretations
II.7The Indirect Test
II.8Effects of Red-Shifts on Apparent Luminosity
II.9The Energy Effect
II.10The Recession Factor
II.11The Alternative Laws of Red-Shifts
II.12The Dilemma

III.POSSIBLE WORLDS
III.1Surveys of Nebulae
III.2The Law of Nebular Distribution when Red-Shifts are not interpreted as Velocity-Shifts
III.3The Problem of Distribution in an Expanding Universe
III.4Expanding Universes of General Relativity
III.5Comparison of Observations with Theory
III.6Spatial Curvature
III.7The Permissible Type of an Expanding Universe
III.8Conclusion

SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONAL RESULTS

INDEX