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Table of Contents

ABSTRACT

1.INTRODUCTION

2.THE INTENSITY ENERGY SPECTRUM

2.1.The new Fermi LAT measurement of the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Background

2.2.The astrophysical components of the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Background

2.2.1.Blazars

2.2.2.Misaligned Active Galactic Nuclei

2.2.3.Star-forming galaxies

2.2.4.Millisecond pulsars

2.2.5.Other astrophysical components

2.3.The Dark Matter component of the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Background

2.3.1.The case of annihilating Dark Matter

2.3.2.The case of decaying Dark Matter

3.THE ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM OF ANISOTROPIES

3.1.The Fermi LAT measurement of gamma-ray anisotropies

3.2.Deducing the nature of the DGRB from its anisotropies

4.THE PHOTON COUNT DISTRIBUTION

5.THE CROSS-CORRELATION WITH INDEPENDENT PROBES

5.1.The cross-correlation with galaxy catalogs

5.2.The cross-correlation with cosmic shear

5.3.The cross-correlation with other tracers

6.THE SCIENCE OF THE DIFFUSE GAMMA-RAY BACKGROUND

REFERENCES