Published in "The Hubble Deep Field", eds. M. Livio, S.M. Fall and P. Madau 1998

For a PDF version of the article, click here.


BEGINNINGS OF OBSERVATIONAL COSMOLOGY IN HUBBLE'S TIME: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

Allan Sandage


Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington


Table of Contents

PROLOGUE
A History of a Name
Hubble's legacy

THE 1934-1936 N(m) COUNT CAMPAIGN
The observational data from the 1934 campaign
The 1936 observational campaign
Hubble's interpretation

WHY HUBBLE'S PROGRAM FAILED
Enter Greenstein
Modern K term
Corrections to the magnitude scale

THE MATTIG REVOLUTION 1958-1959

THE MODERN COUNT CAMPAIGNS
The post Hubble era (1970-1997)
Comparison with Hubble 1936

THE STEPS NEEDED TO MAKE A PROPER CALCULATION OF N(m)
The input parameters
A conservative view

A CHANGE OF MORPHOLOGY AT HIGH Z-"MERGERS" OR ELS WITH NOISE?

PHILOSOPHY VS. PRACTICALITY

REFERENCES

Next