Back to the article index

Article Contents

ABSTRACT

1.INTRODUCTION

2.SUPERNOVAE IA

2.1.Early History of SNe

2.2.SN Ia as Standardize-able Candles

2.3.SN Ia as Cosmological Probes

2.4.SN 2017cbv: A Recent `local' SN Ia

2.5.The `local' Sample in Context

2.6.In the Hubble Flow

2.7.Progenitors

2.8.Extinction/Color Corrections for Type-Ia Supernovae

2.9.Summary

3.SUPERNOVAE II

3.1.Introduction

3.2.Physical basis of the EPM and SCM method

3.3.Current calibrations: an overview

3.4.Discussion and final remarks

4.TULLY-FISHER AND FABER-JACKSON METHODS

5.SURFACE BRIGHTNESS FLUCTUATIONS

6.ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

6.1.Water masers

6.2.Continuum reverberation

6.3.BLR reverberation

6.4.Extragalactic distances based on dust reverberation of AGNs

6.4.1.Luminosity distance based on the dust reverberation

6.4.2.Trigonometric parallax for the dust torus

6.5.Single epoch methods

6.6.Continuum shape method

6.7.X-ray excess variance method

7.GALAXY CLUSTER DISTANCE VIA X-RAY AND SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT

7.1.SZE/X-ray technique applications: the Hubble constant

7.2.The search for two numbers: H₀ and q₀

7.3.The search for new physics

8.GAMMA-RAY BURSTS

9.ASTRONOMICAL DISTANCES FROM GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE OBSERVATIONS

10.CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES