Article Contents

ABSTRACT

1.INTRODUCTION

2.BASIC COSMOLOGY

2.1.Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmology

2.2.Distances and the Hubble diagram

2.3.Growth of structure and Lambda CDM

3.FROM EINSTEIN TO ACCELERATED EXPANSION

3.1.Greatest blunder?

3.2.Steady state and after

3.3.Enter inflation

3.4.Discovery

4.CURRENT STATUS

4.1.Cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure

4.2.Recent supernova results

4.3.X-ray clusters

4.4.Age of the Universe

4.5.Cosmological parameters

5.UNDERSTANDING COSMIC ACCELERATION

5.1.Dark energy models

5.2.Modified gravity

5.3.Unmodified gravity

5.4.Theory summary

6.DESCRIBING DARK ENERGY

6.1.Parametrizations

6.2.Direct reconstruction

6.3.Principal components

6.4.Kinematic description

7.PROBES OF COSMIC ACCELERATION

7.1.Supernovae

7.2.Clusters

7.3.Baryon acoustic oscillations

7.4.Weak gravitational lensing

7.5.Other probes

7.6.Role of the CMB

7.7.Probing new gravitational physics

7.8Summary and comparison

8.DARK ENERGY PROJECTS

8.1.Ground-based surveys

8.2.Space-based surveys

9.DARK ENERGY & COSMIC DESTINY

10. CONCLUDING REMARKS

10.1.Take-home facts

10.2.Open issues and challenges

11.APPENDIX

11.1.Figure(s) of merit

11.2.Fisher information matrix

REFERENCES