Published in The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, Volume 27, Issue 1, article id. 2, 60 pp., 2019.
https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.08843

For a PDF version of the article, click here.

Abstract: The distribution of the non-luminous matter in galaxies of different luminosity and Hubble type is much more than a proof of the existence of dark particles governing the structures of the Universe. Here, we will review the complex but well-ordered scenario of the properties of the dark halos also in relation with those of the baryonic components they host. Moreover, we will present a number of tight and unexpected correlations between selected properties of the dark and the luminous matter. Such entanglement evolves across the varying properties of the luminous component and it seems to unequivocally lead to a dark particle able to interact with the Standard Model particles over cosmological times. This review will also focus on whether we need a paradigm shift, from pure collisionless dark particles emerging from “first principles”, to particles that we can discover only by looking to how they have designed the structure of the galaxies.

Keywords : Dark matter • Galaxies • Cosmology • Elementary particles

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION
• Scope of the review
• The presence of dark matter in galaxies
• THE INVISIBLE CHARACTER, DARK PARTICLES AND CO.
• Collisionless and cold dark particles
• An unexpected new candidate for cold dark particles
• Self-interacting DM particles
• FUZZY dark particles
• Warm dark matter particles
• In search for dark matter
• BARYONS IN GALAXIES
• Spirals, LSB and UDG
• HI distribution in disk systems
• Ellipticals
• Dwarf spheroids
• PROBING THE GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL IN GALAXIES
• Rotation curves
• A reference velocity for disk systems
• Vertical motions
• Dispersion velocities
• Fast spheroidal rotators
• Dispersion velocities versus rotation curves
• Masses in spheroids within half-light radii
• Tracer mass estimator
• Weak lensing
• Strong lensing
• X-ray emission & hydrostatic equilibrium
• THE MASS OF THE STELLAR COMPONENT IN GALAXIES
• DM HALO PROFES
• KINEMATICS OF GALAXY SYSTEMS
• The Tully-Fisher and the Baryonic Tully-Fisher
• The Baryonic Tully-Fisher
• The universal rotation curve and the radial Tully-Fisher
• THE DARK MATTER DISTRIBUTION IN DISK SYSTEMS
• Dark matter from stacked RCs
• Dark matter from individual RCs
• The Galaxy
• Low surface brightness galaxies
• Dwarf disks
• THE DISTRIBUTION OF MATTER IN SPHEROIDS
• The fundamental plane in ellipticals
• The dark matter distribution in ellipticals
• DM in dwarf spheroidals
• THE LM/DM UNIVERSAL PROPERTIES
• The cored distributions of dark matter halos around galaxies
• The dark-luminous matter coupling 2.0
• CONCLUSIONS
• FUTURE DIRECTIONS
• REFERENCES