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Article Contents

ABSTRACT

1.INTRODUCTION

2.DEFINITIONS

2.1.Lensing equations

2.2.Relation with observable quantities

3.MASS DISTRIBUTION IN CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES

3.1.Mass reconstruction with arclets

3.2.Mass reconstruction from weak lensing

3.3.Measuring weak shear

3.4.Mass profile from the magnification bias

4.LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURES AND COSMIC SHEAR

4.1.Theoretical expectations

4.2.Measuring the biasing

4.3.Strategies for weak lensing surveys

4.4.Critical issues

5.GALAXY-GALAXY LENSING IN FIELD GALAXIES

6.GRAVITATIONAL TELESCOPE AND HIGH-Z UNIVERSE

6.1.Redshift distribution of galaxies beyond B=25

6.2.Spectral content of arc(let)s

6.3.Morphology of highly-magnified galaxies

7.COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

7.1.Constraints from cluster reconstruction

7.2.Statistics of arc(let)s

7.3.Magnification bias

8.LENSING THE CMB

9.FUTURE PROSPECTS

REFERENCES