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Article Contents

ABSTRACT

I.INTRODUCTION

A.The issues for observational cosmology

B.The opportunity for physics

C.Some explanations

II.BASIC CONCEPTS

A.The Friedmann-Lemaître model

B.The cosmological constant

C.Inflation and dark energy

III.HISTORICAL REMARKS

A.Einstein's thoughts

B.The development of ideas

C.Inflation

D.The cold dark matter model

E.Dark energy

IV.THE COSMOLOGICAL TESTS

A.The theories

B.The tests

C.The state of the cosmological tests

V.CONCLUDING REMARKS

VI.APPENDIX: RECENT DARK ENERGY SCALAR FIELD RESEARCH

REFERENCES