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Article Contents

TITLE PAGE

1.THE ELEMENTS OF PRACTICAL COSMOLOGY

2.EXPERIMENTAL GEOMETRY

2.1.The Necessity for Space Curvature

2.2.The Idea of Geometrical Experiments

2.3.Line Lengths and Areas on a Sphere of Constant Curvature

2.4.The Volume V(r) in Robertson-Walker Spaces

3.COUNT-REDSHIFT RELATION

3.1.The Coordinate r as a Function of Redshift

3.2.The Predicted K(z, q₀) Relation

4.THE REDSHIFT-MAGNITUDE EQUATION

4.1.The Predicted Hubble Diagram With No Luminosity Evolution

4.2.Conversion of Observed Heterochromatic Apparent Magnitude to the Apparent Bolometric Scale: The K Correction

4.3.The Predicted Hubble Diagram With Correction for Luminosity Evolution

4.4.The Look-Back Time as a Function of A and q₀

5.PREDICTED AND OBSERVED COUNT-MAGNITUDE RELATION

5.1.Method of Predicting N(m, q₀, E) for an Infinitely Narrow Luminosity Function

5.2.The Full Complication of the N(m, q₀, E) Prediction, Given E(z) and the Luminosity Function (M, T)

5.3.Observations

6.THE m(z) HUBBLE DIAGRAM

6.1.Local Tests for Linearity of the Redshift - Distance Relation

6.2.The Hubble Diagram at Large Redshifts

7.NONGEOMETRICAL EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION IN THE LOOK-BACK TIME

7.1.Changes in Spectral Energy Distribution With Redshift

7.2.Changes in Morphological Mix

7.3.Reassessment of the N(m) Count Evidence for Luminosity Evolution at z > 0.5

7.4.Evolution Inferred From Quasar Counts

8.ANGULAR DIAMETER OF RIGID RODS

8.1.The Standard Model

8.2.Diameters of First-Ranked Cluster Galaxies at Low Redshift

8.3.High-Redshift Data

9.TIME-SCALE TEST

9.1.The Standard Model Prediction

9.2.The Value of T₀ From the Chemical Elements and From the Oldest Stars

9.3.Value of H₀

9.4.The Time Test of the Standard Model

REFERENCES